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°ª²£¤û©Ò»Ý¯à¶q¸û°ª¡A¬G°ªºë®Æ¹}³¦b¦X²zªº½d³ò¤º¬O¥²»Ýªº¡A¦]¬°¨eµLªk¥þ¥Ñ²Ê®Æªº¤é³¨Óº¡¨¬»Ýn¡A¦]¦¹¡ANRC±ÀÂ˪c¨Å¤û¤é³¤¤³Ì¤ÖÀ³§t²ÊÅÖºû17% (°®ª«°òpºâ)¡A¥Hºû«ùªc¨Å»Ýn¡B¥¿±`¨Å¯×²v¡B½FG¥\¯à¤Î¤û°¦ªº°·±d¡C¦¹¥~¡A«Ü¦hªº¨Å¤ûÀç¾i°t¤è¤Hû»{¬°¤é³¤¤»Ý½T©w²Ê®Æ»Pºë®Æªº¤ñ¨Ò¥Î¶q¡A¦Ó¥B¡A¤é³¤¤ÅÖºûªº§ÎºA¥²»Ý¬O²ÊÁWªº²Ê®Æ¡A¿i²Ó©Î²Éª¬ªº²Ê²É¨Ã«D©Ò´Á±æªº¡C¦Ó²Ê®Æ (Roughage) ¤@¯ë¬O«ü¯ì®Æ (Forage) §t²ÊÅÖºû18%¥H¤WªÌºÙ¤§¡C
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¤G¡B¨Å¯×ªÕ¦X¦¨·§z
¦b©|¥¼½Í¨ì¥DÃD¤§«e¡Aº¥ý¤j²¤¨ÓÁA¸Ñ¤Ï¯ì°Êª«®ø¤Æ¨t²Î¤Î¨Å¯×ªÕ¦X¦¨ªº¨Ó·½¡C¤û¬°¤Ï¯ì°Êª«¡A½FG´N¹³¤@Ó¤jÃæ»Ã¼Ñ¡A¤W¦Ê¸Uªº·L¥Íª«¥]¬A²Óµß¤ÎìÂΥͦs¨ä¶¡¡A³o¨Ç·L¥Íª«¬O¤û°¦¥¿±`®ø¤Æ¥NÁ©M°·±d¤£¥i©Î¯Êªº¡A¸Óµ¥·L¥Íª«ªº¸s¬Û¦]¹}³ªººØÃþ¡B§ÎºA¤Îµ¹¹}®É¶¡©u¸`µ¥¦Ó²§¡A¬Y¨Ç·L¥Íª«¬OÂǵ۰ªÅÖºû¹}®Æ¦ÓÁc´Þ¡A½Ñ¦p°®¯ó¡B«C¯ó¡B«C¶J¯óµ¥¡C¦Ó¦³¨Ç«hÂǵ۰ªºë®Æ¦ÓÁc´Þ¡A½Ñ¦p°ª½\ª«¡B§CÅÖºû°Æ²£ª«µ¥¡CºÒ¤ô¤Æ¦Xª«¦b½FG¤º¸g·L¥Íª«Ãæ»Ã«á²£¥Í´§µo©Ê¯×ªÕ»Ä (Volatile fatty acid)¡A¦¹´§µo©Ê¯×ªÕ»Ä¸g½FG§l¦¬¶i¤J¦å²G«á¦¨¬°¤û°¦¯à¶qªº¥Dn¨Ó·½¡A¥ç¬°ºc¦¨¨Å¯×ªÕ¤ÎµL¯×©T§Îª« (Solids-not-fat) ªº«nª«½è¡A¨ä¤¤¼vÅT¨Å¯×ªÕ¦X¦¨³Ì¤jªº¬O¾L»Ä (Acetic acid) ¤Î¤þ»Ä (Propionic acid)¡C°ªÅÖºû¤é³²£¥Í¸û¦hªº¾L»Ä¡A§CÅÖºû¤é³²£¥Í¸û¦hªº¤þ»Ä¡C¾L»Ä¬O¦X¦¨¨Å¯×ªÕªº¥Dn¥ý§Î½è (Precursor)¡A¦Ó¤þ»Ä¦³¦hºØ¥NÁÂ¥\¯à¡A¥]¬A¦X¦¨¬°Åé¯×ªÕ¡B¨ÅÁޤΧ@¬°¥NÁ¯෽µ¥¡C¥¿±`¤é³§t2/3¯ì®Æ¡B1/3ºë®Æ©Î°Æ²£ª«¡A¦¹®ÉÁ`´§µo©Ê¯×ªÕ»Ä¤¤¾L»Äªº¤ñ¨Ò (Molar %)¬ù¦û60%¡B¤þ»Ä¬ù¦û20%¡C¦pªG¤é³ªº¤ñ¨Ò¬Û¤Ï¡A1/3¯ì®Æ¡B2/3ºë®Æ©Î°Æ²£ª«¡A«h¾L»Äªº¤ñ¨Ò´î¬°55%¡B¤þ»Ä¼W¬°25%¡C¦pªG¥[¤W¿i²Ó©Î¥´²Éªº¹}®Æ¨Ï¥Î¤W¡A¥Ñ©ó³o¨ÇÅÖºûªø«×¤£°÷¡A§ó¨Ï¾L»Ä°¬°40%¡B¤þ»Ä¼W¬°40%¡C¦p¦¹¡A«h¨Å¯×ªÕªº¦X¦¨±N´î¤Ö¡A¦Ó¨Å³J¥Õ¤ÎµL¯×©T§Îª«±N²¤¤É¡C¦ý³o¨Ã«D¥Ø«e¨Å»ù¬Fµ¦©Ò»Ý¨Dªº¡A¦Ó¥B¨Å¯×ªÕ´î¤Öªº±¡§Î (¬ù¤Ö1.2%) ¤ñ¨Å³J¥Õ¤ÎµL¯×©T§Îª«¼W¥[ªº±¡§Î (¬ù¼W0.1~0.2%) ÁÙ¦h¡C
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¤T¡B²Ê®Æ»P¨Å²Õ¦¨ªºÃö«Y
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¥¿±`²Êºë®Æ¤ñ¬O40¡G60~60¡G40¤§¶¡¡A²Ê®Æ¤Ó¦h®É¥Í²£®Ä²v¤U°¡A¾A·í¦a¸É¥Rºë®Æ·|´£°ª¥Í²£®Ä²v¡A¦ýºë®Æ¤Ó¦h®É¥Í²£®Ä²v¤Ï¦Ó·|¤U°¡A¨Å¯×²v¥ç¤U°¡CMacleodµ¥ (1983) ³ø§iªc¨Å¤û¥H¤£¦P²Êºë®Æ¤ñ80¡G20¡B65¡G35¡B50¡G50¡B35¡G65§@¤ñ¸û¡Aµ²ªG¦pªí1©Ò¥Ü¡A²£¨Å¶q¡B¨ÅÁÞ¡B¨Å³J¥ÕÀH¤é³¤¤²Ê®Æ´î¤Ö¦Ó¼W¥[¡A¨Å¯×²v«hÀH²Ê®Æ´î¤Ö¦Ó´î¤Ö¡A¨Å¯×ªÕ¶q´î¤Ö¬Û®t³Ì¦hªº¬O¦b²Êºë®Æ¤ñ50¡G50»P35¡G65¤§¶¡¡C¦ý´N¯à¶q®ÄÀ³¦Ó¨¥¡A²Ê®Æ¤ñ¨Ò°ªªÌ¨ä®Ä²v¸û°ª¡CWoodfordµ¥ (1986) ¥ç³ø§iªc¨Å¤û¤é³§t`½¶°®¯óªº¤ñ¨Ò¦U¬°28%¡B36%¡B45%¡B53%®É¡A¨Å¯×²v¤À§O¬°3.5%¡B3.6%¡B3.9%¡B4.0%§e½u©Ê¼W¥[¡A¥B28%¡B36%»P45%¡B53%¤§¶¡¦³ÅãµÛ®t²§ (P<0.05)¡C¨Å³J¥Õ«h¦b`½¶°®¯ó36%²ÕÅãµÛ¸û¤Ö¡A¨ä¥L¦U²Õ¤§¶¡«h¬°ÅãµÛ¼vÅT¡C
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ªí1 ¤£¦P²Êºë®Æ¤ñ¤§§¹¥þ¹}³¹ïªì²£¤ûªºªc¨Å©Êª¬¤§¼vÅT
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50¡G50 |
35¡G65 |
|||
¨Å ¶q (kg¡þ¤Ñ) |
20.8 |
21.6 |
22.3 |
23.4 |
L,Q |
1.2 |
¨Å ÁÞ (%) |
5.28 |
5.33 |
5.33 |
5.55 |
L |
0.07 |
¨Å³J¥Õ (%) |
3.11 |
3.12 |
3.22 |
3.26 |
L |
0.10 |
¨Å¯×²v (%) |
3.83 |
3.72 |
3.68 |
3.33 |
L,Q |
0.38 |
¨Å¯×¶q (kg¡þ¤Ñ) |
0.80 |
0.80 |
0.82 |
0.78 |
NS |
0.09 |
Q¡GÀH¤é³¯à¶q¿@«×¼W¥[§eÅãµÛ¤G¦¸¤è®ÄÀ³ (Significantt quadratic effect)
(P<0.05)
L¡GÀH¤é³¯à¶q¿@«×¼W¥[§eÅãµÛ½u©Ê®ÄÀ³ (Significant linear effect) (P<0.05)
(ºK¦Û¡GMacleodµ¥¡A1983)
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2.²Ê®Æªº§ÎºA¡G
²Ê®Æ³Ì±`¨Ï¥Îªº¬O°®¯ó©M«C¶J®Æ¡A¨âªÌ¤§¶¡³Ì¤jªº¤£¦P¬O«C¶J®Æ§t¸û°ªªº¦³¾÷»Ä¡A¦Ó¦³¾÷»Ä¤¤³Ì¥Dnªº¬O¨Å»Ä (Lactic acid)¡A¥¦¦b¬YºØ±ø¥ó¤U·|Ãæ»Ã²£¥Í¹T»Ä (Butyric acid)¡A¸g¥Ñ½FG¾À§l¦¬«á³¡¥÷¥NÁ¬°£] ¡V ßm¤B»Ä (£] ¡V hydroxybutyric acid)¡A¦Ó¦¹¥ç¬°¨Å¯×ªÕ¦X¦¨ªº¨Ó·½¤§¤@¡A¦]¦Ó·|¼vÅT¨Å¯×²vªººû«ù¡CBringe and schultz (1969) ´¿¥H³o¤GºØ¤£¦P§ÎºAªº²Ê®Æ§@¤ñ¸û¡A¢¹²Õ¬O°®¯ó¥[²Éª¬ºë®Æ¡A¢º²Õ¬O«C¶J¥É¦Ì¥[²Éª¬ºë®Æ¡Cµ²ªG¦pªí2¡A¢¹²Õªº¨Å¯×²v¶Èºû«ùì¨Ó¤ô·Çªº50%¡A¦Ó¢º²Õ«hºû«ùì¨Ó¨Å¯×²vªº70%¡C¨Å¶q¡BµL¯×©T§Îª«¡B³J¥Õ½èµ¥«h¬Û®t¸û¤Ö¡C«C¶J¥É¦Ì¤§¢¹²Õ¨Å¯×²vºû«ù¸û°ªªºì¦]¬O½FG¤º²£¥Í¤§¾L»Ä¤Î£]- ßm¤B»Ä¸û°ª¡A¦Ó¤þ»Ä¸û¤Ö¤§¬G¡C¥t¥~¡A»ôÃçµ¤Ò (1974) ´¿¥H¦hºØªª¯ó²V¼½ (¥]¬AªG¶é¯ó¡B¶Â³Á¯ó¡B©Ô©w¤T¸¯ó¡B¬õªá¤T¸¯ó¡B`½¶µ¥) ©Ò»s¦¨ªº«C¶J®Æ¡Aµo²{¤£¹¡©M¯×ªÕ»Ä¤ñ¨Ò´î¤Ö¡A¦Ó¹¡©M¯×ªÕ»Ä¼W¥[¡A¦¹¥ç¥i¯à»P¨Å¯×²vªº¼vÅT¦³Ãö¡C
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||
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¸ÕÅç´Á |
¸ÕÅç«á |
||
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¢¹ |
25.6 |
20.7 |
19.7 |
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24.9 |
19.5 |
19.1 |
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¢¹ |
3.3 |
1.7 |
3.3 |
¡@ | ¢º |
3.3 |
2.4 |
3.3 |
µL¯×©T§Îª« (%) |
¢¹ |
8.5 |
8.4 |
8.4 |
¡@ | ¢º |
8.3 |
8.4 |
8.4 |
³J¥Õ½è (%) |
¢¹ |
3.0 |
3.5 |
3.2 |
¡@ | ¢º |
2.9 |
3.4 |
3.1 |
(ºK¦Û¡GBringe and Schultz¡A1969)
²Ê®Æ¤Áµu¹L²Ó©Î¿i¸H¥´²É¤§«á¹ï¨Å¯×²v§¡·|¦³¼vÅT¡CWoodfordµ¥ (1986) ªº³ø§i¡A¤é³¤¤§t¤¤©Ê¬~¾¯ÅÖºû (NEF) 27.4%¤§¤Áµu`½¶°®¯óÁýµ¹¨Å¤û®É¡A¨äºû«ù¨Å¯×²vªº`½¶¯óªø«×n¦b0.64¤½¤À¥H¤W¡A¤Óµu®É¨Å¯×²v·|°§C¡C
²Ê®Æ¸g¿i¸H¥[¼ö½k¤Æ«á¥´²É¡A¥Ñ©ó¾ý¯»½è¸g½k¤Æ«á¦b½FG¤º·|«æ³tÃæ»ÃªºÃö«Y¡A¦Ó¾ÉP§C¨Å¯×±¡ªpªºµo¥Í¡CKing and Hemken (1962) ¦Ó´¿³ø§iªc¨Å¤ûÁýµ¹²Éª¬°®¯ó¦Ó¨Ï¨Å¯×²vÅãµÛ¦a¤U°¡A¦Ó¨Å³J¥Õ¤ÎµL¯×©T§Îª«¦³²¤¼W²{¶H¡CO¡¦Dellµ¥ (1968) ¸ÕÅç¤ñ¸û¥´²É»P¥´¸i (Baled) ªº`½¶¯óÁýµ¹ªc¨Å¤û¡Aµ²ªG¥´²ÉªÌ¤§¨Å¯×²v·¥ÅãµÛ¤U° (P<0.01)¡C²æ¤ô¤§®ü©¤¦Ê¼}¹F¯ó (Dehydrated coastal bermuda grass) ¸g¿i²Ó¥H0.64¡B0.32¡B0.16¤½¤À¿z¹L«á¦A¥´²ÉªÌ¡A¦Ó¥B¦b0.16¤½¤Àªø¥´²ÉªÌÁý¹}¦¸¼Æ¨C¤é¤G¦¸ªÌ¤ñÁý¥|¦¸ªÌ (¦b¬Û¦P®É¶¡¤º) ¨Å¯×²v¸û§C¡C
¦Ü©ó²Éª¬¤§§¹¥þ¹}³¤¤`½¶²É»Pºë®Æ©Ò§tªº¤ñ¨Ò¤£¦P¡A¹ï¤û¨Åªº²Õ¦¨¥ç·|¦³¤£¦P¡ARonning (1960) ³ø§iªºµ²ªG¦pªí3©Ò¥Ü¡A¦¹ºØ§¹¥þ¹}³¤§²Éª¬®Æ¤¤¡Aºë®Æ¦b§t30%®É¨Å¶qÅãµÛ¼W¥[¡A¦ýºë®Æ§t45%®É¤Ï¦Ó¤U°¡A¨Å¯×²v¦bºë®Æ§t30%¤Î45%®É¤ñ§t15%®ÉÅãµÛ¤U°¡C²b²£¥X¥H4%FCM (Fat-corrected milk) ªí¥Ü®É¡Aºë®Æ§t15%®É¥i±o¸û°ªªº¯à¶q²£¥X¡A¦Óºë®Æ§t0%»P45%¤GªÌ¤§²£¥X¬ù¬Ûµ¥¡C¥Ñ¦¹¥i¨£¦b²Éª¬§¹¥þ¹}³¤¤¡Aºë®Æ§t¶q¸û¦h¨Ã¤£¨£±o¸û¦³§Q¡A´«¥y¸Ü»¡¡A¦pªG²Ê®Æ»Pºë®Æ§¡¬°²Éª¬¡A«hÁöµM²Éª¬²Ê®Æ·|°§C¨Å¯×²v¡A¦ý¤ñ²Éª¬ºë®Æ¤U°ªº¸û¤Ö¡C
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||||
0 |
15 |
30 |
45 |
¾÷®t |
|
¨Å ¶q (½S) |
30.2 |
33.1 |
35.9 |
33.1 |
0.89 |
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0.79 |
0.84 |
0.76 |
0.71 |
0.03 |
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2.6 |
2.5 |
2.1 |
2.1 |
--- |
4% FCM (½S) |
24.1 |
25.7 |
25.5 |
24.2 |
0.74 |
(ºK¦Û¡GRonning¡A1960)
²Ê®Æ«~½è®t¡A¤û°¦Äá¹´N´î¤Ö¡AÄ´¦p¼ö±aªª¯ó»P·Å±aªª¯ó¤ñ¸û¡A«eªÌ«~½è¸û®tªºì¦]¬O²ÓM²Õ´¤¤§t³t¤Æ¸Ñ«¬¤§¸¦×²ÓM¡B¿zºÞ²ÓM¸û¤Ö¡A¦Ó§t«D¤Æ¸Ñ«¬¤§¨¤½è¤Î¤ì½è¤Æ²ÓM¸û¦h¡A¥[¤W«eªÌ¸¦×²ÓM¸û½o±K¡BºûºÞ§ôÀT¸û«p¡B²ÓM¾À¸û趴µ¥¦Ó¤£©ö¬°½FG·L¥Íª«©Ò«IÀ»¡A¦b¥¼¥R¤À®ø¤Æ¤§«e§Y¤w³q¹L½FG¡A¦p¦¹´N´î§C¤F«~½è®tªª¯óªº®ø¤Æ²v¡A³s±a¦a´î¤Ö¤F¨Å¯×³X¦X¦¨ªº¨Ó·½¡C
¦¹¥~¡Aªª¯ó¤¤¯×½è¥ç¬°¨Å¯×ªÕ¨Ó·½¤§¤@¡A¤@¯ëªª¯ó¤¤¯×½è§t¶q«C¯ó¬ù0.2~1.8%¡A°®¯ó¬ù1.2~5.9%¡C¦Ó¯×½è¤¤¤§¹¡©M¯×ªÕ»Ä¬ù¦û22~24% (¥Dn¬°´ÄÃq»Ä¬ù§t15~16%)¡A¤£¹¡©M¯×ªÕ»Ä¸û¦h¬ù¦û76~78% (¥Dn¬°¨È³Â¤¯»Ä¬ù§t52~53%)¡A¦ý¨Å¯×²vªº¼W¥[¥Dn»Ý¨Ó¦Û¹¡©M¯×ªÕ»Ä¡A¦ý¨Ì»ôÃçµ¤Ò (1974) ªº³ø§i¡A©u¸`ÅܰʮɡA¥Ñ¥V©u¨ì®L©u¡A¨ä¹¡©M¯×ªÕ»Ä¦p´ÄÃq»Ä (Palmitic acid)³vº¥´î¤Ö¡A¦Ó¤£¹¡©M¯×ªÕ»Ä¦pªo»Ä (Oleic acid)¡B¨È³Â¤¯»Ä (Linoleic acid) µ¥¤Ï¦Ó¼W¥[¡A¬G®L©u¨Å¯×²v¸û§C¦¹¬°¨äì¦]¤§¤@¡C
¥t¥~¡ADepeters and Smith (1986) ªº³ø§i¡A`½¶°®¯ó¥H¦´Á¦¬³Î (15¤é) »P¥¿±`¦¬³Î (30¤é) °µ¤ñ¸û¡A«eªÌªº²Ê³J¥Õ½è¸û°ª¦Ó»Ä¬~ÅÖºû (ADF) §t¶q¸û§C¡A¤À§O»Pºë®Æ30%¤Î50%²V¦X¹}¾i¡A¹ïªì²£¤û¨ÓÁ¿¡A¦b¦´Á¦¬³ÎªÌ¨Å¯×²v¸û§C¡A¦ý¹ï¸g²£¤û«hµL¼vÅT¡C¦Óºë®Æ²V¦X¤ñ¨Ò¸û¦hªÌ¡A¤£½×¦´Á©Î¥¿±`¦¬³Î¡A¤]¤£½×ªì²£¤û©Î¸g²£¤û¡A¨ä¨Å¯×²v§¡¸û§C¡C
Lofgren and Warner (1969) ¥H¤£¦P²ÊÅÖºû¨Ó·½¥]¬A°®¯ó (Hay)¡B¥É¦Ì¶b (Corncobs)¡B¶Áµæ´í (Beet pulp)¡B¿P³Á´ß (Oat hulls) ©Ò°µªº¸ÕÅç¡A¦UºØ¤£¦P²ÊÅÖºû¨Ó·½¤§¶¡¹ï¨Å¯×²v¨ÃµLÅãµÛ¼vÅT¡A¦ý¹ï¤£¦PÅÖºû¦¨¤À»P¨Å¯×²vªºÅܤƫh¦³ÅãµÛªº¤£¦P¡CÅÖºû¦¨¤À©ÒÄṦʤÀ¤ñªºÅܤƻP§C¨Å¯×Åܤƪº¬ÛÃö¦p¤Uªí4©Ò¥Ü¡A²ÊÅÖºû¬°¡Ï0.49 (P<0.05)¡B»Ä¬~ÅÖºû¬°¡Ï0.72 (P<0.01)¡C¹ê»ÚÄá¹ÅÖºû¶q¦Ê¤À¤ñ»P§C¨Å¯×ªº¬ÛÃö¡A»Ä¬~ÅÖºû¬°¡Ï0.59 (P<0.05)¡B¤ì½è¯À¬°¡Ð0.56 (P<0.05)¡C¥Ñ¦¹¥iª¾»Ä¬~ÅÖºû»P¨Å¯×²vªºÃö«Y¸û¬°±K¤Á¡A³oªí¥Ü²Ê®ÆÅÖºû§t¶q¥H»Ä¬~ÅÖºû¸û®e©ö½T©w¡C¦b¥Lªº¸ÕÅçùØ¡A¹ê»ÚÄṻĬ~ÅÖºû¦b17.5%©Î²ÊÅÖºû¦b15.6%¡A«h¨Å¯×²v¬ù¥iºû«ù¦b3.3%¥ª¥k¡C
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