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¶À¨§¯»¤w¸g¼sªx¨Ï¥Î©ó°Êª«¹}®Æ¡A¤£¹L¦b¾i½¼¹}®Æ¤è­±ªºÀ³¥Î«h©|¦³­­¡C¥»¤åºî¦X³ø§i¦³Ãö­Y¤z¤£¦P«~ºØ®ü½¼¡A§Y¬õ½¼ ( Penaes  aztecus )¡Bµµ½¼ ( P.  duorarum )¡B¥Õ½¼ ( P.  setiferus )¡B­×¤ó½¼ ( P.  schmitti )¡B¬ü¬w¥Õ½¼ ( P.  vannamei ) ¤ÎÂŽ¼ ( P.   stylirostris )¡A¦b¤TºØ¤£¦P¤Ø¤o¥Íªø´Á ( ¸ÕÅç¶}©l»P²×¤F®É­«¶q ) §Y¬ù 0.04 ~ 0.5g¡F0.4 ~ 5.0g »P 4.0 ~ 10.0g¡A¹ï§t¦³ 15 ~ 75%¶À¨§¯»³J¥Õ½è¡A§t¶q¦b 25 ©Î 35%¹}®ÆªºÀç¾i¤ÏÀ³¡C¦¹¥~¤]§Q¥Î¾i´Þ¦À¸ÕÅç¨Ó¤ñ¸û¬ü¬w¥Õ½¼ ( P.   vannamei )¡A¨Ó¤ñ¸û¤@ºØ§t¦³ 10% ¶À¨§¯»ªº¹}®Æ°Ó«~¡A»P¥t¥~¤@ºØ§t¦³ 40% ¶À¨§¯»¹}®Æªº¾i´Þ¸ÕÅç¡C¸ÕÅçµ²ªG«ü¥X¦b¹êÅç¥Î¤ô½c ( Laboratory   tanks ) ¤¤¡A¥H¶À¨§¯»§t¶q 15 ~ 75%ªº¹}®Æ¡A¹}¾i½¼Ãþªºµ²ªG¹ï©ó¨ä¦¨ªø»P¬¡¦s²v¡A¨ÃµLÅãµÛ¤£¨}¼vÅT¡C

¤£¦P«~ºØ»P¥Íªø´Áªº½¼Ãþ¡A¹ï§t¦³ 15 ~ 75%¶À¨§¯»ªº¤£¦P¹}®Æ¡A»P¤£¦P³J¥Õ½è§t¶q¹}®ÆªºÀç¾i¤W¤ÏÀ³¤]¤£¤@¡A¤£¹L¦b¬°´Á¤Q¤G¶gªº¤g¦À¹}¾i¸ÕÅ礤¡A¬ü¬w¥Õ½¼ ( P.  vannamei ) ¹ï¶À¨§¯»§t¶q 10% »P 40%¨âºØ¹}®Æ°Ó«~¡A¦b¦¨ªø»P¬¡¦s²v¤è­±¨ÃµL©úÅã®t§O¡C§Q¥Î¶À¨§¯»¨ú¥N°ª»ùªº®ü²£°Êª«³J¥Õ½è¡A¨Ò¦p³½¯»©Î¯Q¸é¯»«h¦b¬Y¨Ç°ê®a¦Ó¨¥¡A¥i¥H¸`¬Ù¤£¤Ö¾i½¼¹}®Æªº¦¨¥»¡C

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¶À¨§¯»¤w¸g¦b¾i³½¥Î¹}®Æ¨Ò¦póγ½ ( Catfish )¡A¥H¤Î¨ä¥L³\¦h³°¤W®a¯b ( Domestic  terrestrial  animals ) ¹}®Æ¤è­±¼s¨ü±Ä¥Î¡C¶À¨§¯»¤]¤w¸g¸Õ¥Î¨ì³\¦h¾i½¼¹}®Æ¡ABalazas   et  al.( 1973 ) »P Balazs  and  Ross ( 1976 ) ¨Ï¥Î¶À¨§¯»¡A¦¨¥\¨ú¥N²H¤ôªøÁu¤j½¼ ( Macrobrachium  rosenbergii ) »ç®Æ¤¤¡A©Ò§t¦³ªº³½¯»»P½¼¯» ( Shrimp  meal )¡C¹ï®ü¤ô½¼¤§¤@ªº¥[¦{½¼ ( P.  californiensis )¡A¥Î¶À¨§¯»¨ú¥N»ç®Æ¤¤¤@¥bªº³½¯»©M½¼¯»¡A±o¨ì¤ñ¸û¤Öªº¦¨ªø²v©M¹}®Æ®Ä²v ( Colvin  and  Brand , 1977 )¡C´N¤@ºØ¤£¦Pªº®ü½¼§Yµµ½¼ ( P.   duorarum ) ¦Ó¨¥¡A¾Ú³ø§i«ü¥X ( Sick  and  Andrews , 1973 ) ¶À¨§¯»¬O¤@ºØ¡A¤ñ¸û³½¯»©M½¼¯»§ó¦nªº³J¥Õ½è­ì®Æ¡C¦b¥Õ½¼ ( P.   setiferus ) ©MÂŽ¼ ( P.  stylirostris ) ªº»ç®Æ¡A§Q¥Î¯Â¤Æ¶À¨§³J¥Õ½è ( Purified  soybean  protein ) ¨ú¥N¤@¥bªº¯Q¸é¯»¡Aµ²ªG±o§ó¦n¬¡¦s²v¡A¦¨ªø©M¹}®ÆÂà´«²v ( Fenucci   et  al., 1980 )¡C

»P¤W­z¤ñ¸û¤§¤U Foster  and  Beard ( 1973 ) ³ø§i¹L¡A¦b¤@ºØ Palaemon  serrutus ªº»ç®Æ¥Î¶À¨§¯»¡A§¹¥þ¨ú¥N³½¯»«h·|³y¦¨¥Íªø§C¸¨ªºµ²ªG¡CFenucci   and  Zeie-Eldin ( 1976 ) ¤]³ø§i¹L¦b¬õ½¼ ( P.  aztecus ) »ç®Æ¤¤¡A¦pªG§t¦³°ª¤ñ¨Ò ( 58% ) ªº¯Â¤Æ¶À¨§³J¥Õ½è¡A«h·|­°§C»ç®ÆÄá­¹¶q¡C¤W­z°Ñ®t¤£¤@ªºµ²ªG¥i¯à´N¬O¡A²{¤µ¦b¾i½¼¹}®Æ¤¤¥Î¶q¦³­­ªº­ì¦]¡C

¥»¤å³ø§i¤TºØ¥Íªø´Áªº­Y¤z®ü¤ô½¼¡A¦b¹êÅç¥Î¤ô½c¤¤¹ï³J¥Õ½è§t¶q 25 % »P 35%¡A§t¦³¤£¦P¶q¶À¨§¯»ªº¹}®ÆÀç¾i¤W¤ÏÀ³¡C¥»¤å¦P®É¤]­n³ø§i¦b¤g¦À¹}¾i¤¤¡A§t¦³ 10 »P 40% ¶À¨§¯»ªº¹}®Æ¡A¹}¾i¬ü¬wªº¥Õ½¼ ( P.  vannamei ) ªº¦¨Äò¡C

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¨Ï¥Î¤TºØ¥Íªø´Á§Y¸ÕÅç¶}©l¡A¨ì²×¤î®ÉÅé­«¬ù¦Û 0.04 ¨ì 0.5g¡F0.4 ¨ì 5g »P 4 ¨ì 13g¡A»P¤»ºØ¤£¦P«~ºØªº®ü¤ô½¼¨Ó¸ÕÅç¡A¥]¬A¬õ½¼ ( P.  aztecus )¡Bµµ½¼ ( P. duorarum )¡B¥Õ½¼ ( P.  setiferus )¡B­×¤ó½¼ ( P.  schmitti )¡B¬ü¬w¥Õ½¼ ( P.  vannamei ) ©MÂŽ¼ ( P.   stytirostris )¡C¬õ½¼ ( P.  aztecus )¡Bµµ½¼ ( P. duorarum ) ©M¥Õ½¼ ( P.  setiferus )¡A«Y²£¦Û¾¥¦è­ôÆWªº¤ÑµM½¼­]¡A¦Ü©ó´µ¤ó½¼ ( P.   schmitti )¡B¬ü¬w¥Õ½¼ ( P.  vannamei ) ©MÂŽ¼ ( P.  stytirostris )¡A«Y²£¦Û¬ü°ê¼w¦{¹A¤u¤j¾Ç ( Texas A & M University )¡A¼w¦{¹A·~¸ÕÅç©Ò ( Texas  Agriculture   Experiment  Station ) ³]¸m¦b¡A¼w¦{ Corpus  Christi ¦a¤èªº¾i½¼³õ ( Shrimp  Mariculture  Facility )¡A¾i´ÞºØ½¼¦¨¼ô«á©ÒÁc´Þ½¼­]¡A¥[¥H¹}¾i¨ì©Ò­n¨Dªº¤j¤p¬°¤î¡C¹êÅç«Ç³W¼Ò»P¤g¦À³W¼Òªº¹}¾i¬ã¨s¡A«h¤À§O¦b¼w¦{¹A¤u¤j¾Ç»P¼w¦{¹A·~¸ÕÅç©Ò¡A©ÒÄݳ]¦b Port  Arkansas »P Corpus  Christi ¨â¦a¤èªº¾i½¼³õ¶i¦æ¡C

«ö³J¥Õ½è§t¶q 25% »P 35% ½Õ°t¤G¨t¦Cªº¸ÕÅç¥Î»ç®Æ¡A³o¨Ç¸ÕÅç¥Î»ç®Æªº°t¤è©M¦ôºâ²Õ¦¨ ( Estimated  composition ) ¦pªí¤@©Ò¥Ü¡A¦b³o¤G¨t¦Cªº°t¤è¤¤«ö¤@©wªº³J¥Õ½è§t¶q­n¨D¤U¡A¨Ï¥Î¬Û·í¶qªº¶À¨§¯»¨ú¥N¦P¶qªº³½¯»©M½¼¯»¡C¬°¤F¹F¦¨¬Û¦Pªº¦ô­pÅÖºû¡A¯×½è ( Lipid ) ©MÄqª«½è©w¶q¡A¦b¨C¤@¨t¦Cªº¸ÕÅç»ç®Æ¡A²K¥[¾A¶qÅÖºû¯À ( Cellulose )¡A¾ý¯»¡B¤òÅï³½ªo ( Capelin  oil ) ©MÄqª«½è²V¦X¾¯¡C

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TABLE  ONE :  Ingredient   composition  of  experimental  feeds  containing  25%   protein  and  35%  protein  levels  used  for   tank  studies. 

Feedstuffs                                              Soybean   Content  of  Experimental  Feeds
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15 30 45 53
Soybean  Meal 15.0 30.0 45.0 52.7
Shrimp-Head  Meal 15.8 9.6 3.3 0.0
Menhaden  Fish-Meal 15.8 9.6 3.3 0.0
Corn  Starch 38.2 33.2 28.7 25.9
Cellulose 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6
Capelin  Fish  Oil 1.7 2.5 3.3 3.8
Mineral  Mix 3.6 5.1 6.7 7.5
¡@ Experimental  Feeds   Containing  25%  Protein
30 45 60 75
Soybean  Meal 30.0 45.0 60.0 74.6
Shrimp-Head  Meal 18.7 12.4 6.1 0.0
Menhaden  Fish-Meal 18.7 12.4 6.1 0.0
Corn  Starch 22.2 17.1 12.0 6.9
Cellulose 0.1 0.4 0.7 1.0
Capelin  Fish  Oil 0.4 1.2 2.0 2.9
Mineral  Mix 1.4 3.0 4.6 6.1

All  values  are   percent  of  feed  on  an  as  fed  basis.

All  feeds   contained  1%  lecithin , 0.5%  cholesterol , 2%  vitamin   mix , 2%  sodium  alginate , 1%  sodium  hexametaphosphate , and  2%  fish  solubles.

Calculated  composition   of  experimental  feeds  containing  25%  protein   was :25%  protein , 8%  lipid , 39%  carbohydrate , 13%  ash , 5%  fiber  and  10%  water.

Calculated  composition   of  experimental  feeds  containing  35%  protein   was :35%  protein , 8%  lipid , 29%  carbohydrate , 13%  ash , 5%  fiber  and  10%  water.

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¹êÅç«Ç¹}¾i¸ÕÅç¨t²Î©Ò¨Ï¥Î®ü¤ô¡A«Y¨ú¦Û±µ³q¾¥¦è­ôÆWªº Port  Arkansas  Channel ¤ô¹D¡A¸g¹L¤@®M¥b³¬¸ô¦¡´`Àô¨t²Î ( Semi-closed  recirculating  system ) ³B²z¡A³o¤@®M¨t²Î¥]¬A¤@®y¨I¾ý¦À¡A¥Íª«ªk¹LÂo¾¹©M¨F½è¹LÂo¾¹¡C¤TºØ¤£¦PªºÀç¾i¸ÕÅç¨t²Î¡A«Y¥Ñ¤p«¬¤ô½c ( ¨C°¦Á`®e¶q 19 ¤½¤É )¡A¤¤«¬¤ô½c ( ¨C°¦Á`®e¶q 200 ¤½¤É ) »P¤j«¬¤ô½c ( ¨C°¦Á`®e¶q 2,650 ¤½¤É ) ©Òºc¦¨¡C¤ô·Å»PÆQ«×«h¤À§O«O«ù 28.3±1.2¢J »P 29.7±1.8 ppt¡A·»®ñ¶q¡A®ò§t¶q¡A¨Èµv»ÄÆQ©Mµv»ÄÆQ¿@«×«hºû«ù¦b¥i±µ¨üªºµ{«× ( ªí¤G )¡CÆQ«×¡B¤ô·Å©M·»®ñ¶q¨C¤é´ú©w¤@¦¸¡ApH ­È¡B®ò§t¶q¡B¨Èµv»ÄÆQ©Mµv»ÄÆQ¿@«×«h¨C¶g´ú©w¤@¦¸¡C

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TABLE  TWO:  Water  temperature , salinity , dissolved  oxygen , pH , ammonia , nitrite  and  nitrate   values  for  the  semi-closed  recirculating  system.

Parameter Units Value±S.D.
Water  Temperature ¢J 28.3±1.2
Salinity ppt 29.7±1.8
Dissolved  Oxygen mg/liter 5.9±0.5
pH ¡@ 8.2±0.3
Ammonia mg  N/liter 0.1±0.1
Nitrite mg  N/liter 0.1±0.1
Nitrate mg  N/liter 0.4±0.2

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¤g¦À¾i½¼¸ÕÅç«Y¦b¤K³B 0.1¤½³¼ªº¤g¦À¶i¦æ¡A¨C¦À©ñ¾i¥­§¡Åé­« 0.6gªº¬ü¬w¥Õ½¼ ( P.  vannamei ) ±K«×¡A¬Û·í©ó¨C¤½³¼ 131,250 °¦«á¥®ÂδÁ½¼­]¡C©ñ¾i«e¤@¶g©Ò¦³ªº¤g¦À³£Äé¤ô©M¬IªÎ¡A¨C¤@³B¤g¦À²Ä¤@¼»©ñ§¿¯À©MÁC»Ä¡A¨Ï¦À¤ôªº§t´á©M§tÁC­pºâ­È¡A¬Û·í©ó 1.5mg¡þ1¡VN »P 0.5mg¡þ1¡VP2O5 ªº¿@«×¡A ¶à«á¬IªÎ«h«ö©Ò´ú©w¤ô¤¤¸­ºñ¯À a ­È ( Chlorophyll  a   value )¡A«ö²Ä¤@¦¸¬IªÎ¶qªº¥b¶q¹ê¬I¡C©Ò¦³ªº¤g¦À¨C¦À³£«ö¸Ë¤G¨ã¡A³ïºÞ¸­½ü«¬®ð¤É¦¡¬¦ ( Venturi-turbine  airlift  pumps )¡A¶i¦æ³sÄòÃn®ð©M´`Àô¤ô¬yªº¤u§@¡C

¨C¤é²M±á»P¶À©ü°O¿ý¨C¦Àªº¤ô½è°Ñ¼Æ¨â¦¸¡A¥]¬A¤ô·Å¡A·»®ñ¶q©MÆQ«×¡C¸­ºñ¯À a ¿@«× ( §Q¥Î¤@ºØ¥Ò¾JµÑ¨úªk´ú©w )¡ASecchi  disk  Ū­È©M pH ­È«h¨C¶g´ú©w¤@¦¸¡C

¤g¦À¸ÕÅ礤©Ò¨Ï¥Î¤GºØ¹}®Æ°Ó«~¡A«Y¥Ñ Rangen   Inc ¤½¥q ( Buhl ,  Idaho ) ©Ò¨ÑÀ³¡A¨ä¤¤¤§¤@§t¦³ 10%¶À¨§¯»¡A¥t¤@ºØ¹}®Æ«h§t¦³ 40%¶À¨§¯»¡A«áªÌ©Ò§t¶À¨§¯»¥D­n¨ú¥N°Êª«©Ê³J¥Õ­ì®Æ¡C©Ò¨Ï¥Î»ç®Æ­p¦³§t 10%¶À¨§¯»¡A³J¥Õ½è 36%©M¯×½è 9.37%ªº¹}®Æ¡A»P¥t¤@ºØ§t 40%¶À¨§¯»¡A³J¥Õ½è 37.7%©M¯×½è 9%ªº¹}®Æ¡C¨C¤éµ¹»ç¤G¦¸¡Aµ¹»ç¶q«ö½¼Åé­«­pºâ¦Û 1 ~ 6%µ¥¤£¤@¡A¨C¶g¼»ºô®·¨ú¼Ë«~½¼¯¯­«¡AÂÇ¥H­pºâ¨ä¦¨ªø²v©Mµ¹»ç¶q¡A¸Õ¾i¨ì 82 ¤é´N®·¼´©Ò¦³¦À¤¤½¼°¦¡C¸ÕÅç¼Æ¾Ú§Q¥Î 9 AA ( 1984 ) °¾®t¤ÀªRªk¡A¶i¦æ²Î­p©Ê¤ÀªR¡A¦Ó¤£¦P»ç®Æ¶¡ªº½¼°¦Àç¾i¤ÏÀ³¡A«h¨Ï¥Î¾H¤ó¦h½d³ò¸ÕÅç ( Duncan's  multiple  range  test ) ¥[¥H¤ñ¸û¡C

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TABLE  THREE:  Weight  gain  ( as  percent  of  initial  whole  body  weight ) of  Penaeus vannamei  ( initial  mean  weight , 0.042 g ) fed  25%   protein  diets  contain  15 , 30 , 45  and  53%   soybean  meals  and  35%  protein  diets  containing   30 , 45 , 60 , and 75% soybean  meals.

%  Soybean  Meal  in   Diets 25%  Diets 35%  Diets
15 147±16b --------
30 268±23a 196±17c
45 291±29a 319±23a
53* 298±31a --------
60 ------- 297±32ab
75* ------- 273±17b

*Diets  not  containing  any  fish  or   shrimp-head  meals.

Values  are  means±standard  deviations   for  8  observations.  Means  with  the  same   letter  in  the  same  group  are  not   significantly  different.

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»P§t¦³³Ì¤Ö¶q ( §Y 15% ) ¶À¨§¯»¡A©M³Ì¦h¶q³½¯»»P½¼ÀY¯»ªº¹}®Æ¤ñ¸û¤§¤U¡A§t¦³³Ì°ª¶q ( §Y 53% ) ¶À¨§¯»¡A¦Ó¤£§t³½¯»©M½¼ÀY¯»ªº¹}®Æ¹}¾i¤¤¡AÅé­«¼W¥[¦Ê¤À²v¬Û·íªÌ¦³­×¤ó½¼ ( P.  schmitti )¡A¦ÓÅé­«¼W¥[¦Ê¤À²v¸û°ªªÌ«h¦³¬ü¬w¥Õ½¼ ( P.   vannamei )¡A»P¥Õ½¼ ( P.  setiferus ) ¨âºØ¡C

±q¹Ï¥|¥i¥H¬Ý¥X¬ü¬w¥Õ½¼ªº¤p½¼ ( ¶}©lÅé­« 0.38 ~ 0.42g )¡Aµ¹¤© 25% ©Î 35%³J¥Õ½èªº§t¦³ 15%¡B30%©Î 45%¶À¨§¯»»ç®Æ®É¡A¦U¸ÕÅç¸s¶¡ªºÅé­«¦Ê¤À²v¨ÃµLÅãµÛ®t§O¥X²{¡A¤£¹L¦b¶À¨§¯»§t¶q¬Ûµ¥ªº±ø¥ó¤U¡A35%³J¥Õ½è¹}®Æ©Ò¹}¾iªÌ¡A¨äÅé­«¼W¥[¦Ê¤À²v°ª©ó¦P¶q¶À¨§¯»¡A25%³J¥Õ½è¹}®Æ©Ò¹}¾iªÌ¡C

¹Ï¤­»P¹Ï¤»«ü¥X¥H 35%³J¥Õ½èªº¹}®Æ¹}¾i®É¡A¶}©lÅé­« 0.53 ~ 0.77gªº¬ü¬w¥Õ½¼ ( P.  avnnamei )¡A»P¥Õ½¼ ( P.  setiferus ) ¨âªÌÅé­«¼W¥[¦Ê¤À²v¡AÀHµÛ¶À¨§¯»§t¶q»¼¼W¨ì 53%¨â´£°ª¡C´N¬ü¬w¥Õ½¼ ( P.  vannamei ) ¦Ó¨¥¨äÅé­«¼W¥[¦Ê¤À²v¡A¦b¶À¨§¯»§t¶q 53% »P 68%ªº¹}¾i®É¡A­n¤ñ§t¦³ 30%¶À¨§¯»¹}®Æ²ÕªºÅé­«¼W¥[¦Ê¤À²v¬°¨Î¡CÁöµM±qÁý¤© 75%¶À¨§¯»»ç®Æªº¡A½¼Åé­«¼W¥[¦Ê¤À²vµ²ªG´£¥Ü¡A¦pªG¥H¶À¨§¯»¨ú¥N¥þ³¡»ç®Æ¤¤ªº³½¯»©M½¼ÀY¯»¡A¥i¯à·|¾É­P¦¨ªø²vªº­°§C¡AµM¦Ó±q§t¦³ 75%¶À¨§¯»»ç®Æªº¸ÕÅç²Õ¡A»P¨ä¥L³J¥Õ½è¦P¬° 35%ªº»ç®Æ¸ÕÅç²Õ¡A¬Û¤¬¤ñ¸û¤§¤U¤£¦P²Õ½¼°¦ªº¦¨ªø¨Ã¤£´¿¥X²{©úÅã®t²§¡C¤£¹L´N¥Õ½¼ ( P.  setiferus ) ªº³õ¦X¦Ó¨¥¡A¥H§t¦³ 75%¶À¨§¯»ªº 35%³J¥Õ½è»ç®Æ©Ò¹}¾iªÌ¡A¨äÅé­«¼W¥[¦Ê¤À²v§C©ó§t¦³ 53%¶À¨§¯»ªº 35%³J¥Õ½è»ç®Æ©Ò¹}¾iªÌ¡C

¦b¥»¤å©Ò³¯­z¹êÅç±ø¥ó¤U¡A±q¶}©lÅé­« 1 g¥H¤Uªº¤p½¼¸ÕÅç¼Æ¾Ú¡A©Ò±o¨ìªº´£¥Ü´N¬O¦b 35%³J¥Õ½è¹}¾i¤¤¡A³Ì¨Î¶À¨§¯»§t¶qªº¤ô¥­­n°ª©ó 25%³J¥Õ½èªº¹}®Æ¡C¤@¦p 25%³J¥Õ½èªº¹}®Æ¯ë¡A¦b 35%³J¥Õ½è¹}®Æ¸ÕÅç²Õ¤¤¡A½¼°¦Åé­«¼W¥[¦Ê¤À²v³Ì®tªÌ¡A¥X²{¦b¶À¨§¯»§t¶q³Ì¤Öªº¸ÕÅç²Õ¡C

¹Ï¤C¡B¹Ï¤K»P¹Ï¤E¥Z¥Ü¸ÕÅç¶}©lÅé­« 4.3 ~ 8.5g½¼°¦¡A¹ï¶À¨§¯»§t¶q¤£¦Pªº 25%³J¥Õ½è»ç®Æ¡A¹}¾i¸ÕÅ窺Àç¾i¤ÏÀ³¡C»P¤W­z¤p½¼¹}¾i¸ÕÅ窺µ²ªG¤ñ¸û¡A°£¤F­×¤ó½¼ ( P.  schmitti ) ¥H¥~¨ä¾lªº½¼Ãþ¡A¨ä¦¨ªøªº¼W¥[¨Ã¨S¦³ÀHµÛ»ç®Æ¤¤¡A¶À¨§¯»§t¶q¦Û15%¼W¥[¨ì 30%¦Ó¼W¥[¡C¨Æ¹ê¤W·í»ç®Æ¤¤¶À¨§¯»§t¶q¶W¹L 30%¥H¤W®É¡A¥Õ½¼ ( P.   setiferus )¡A¬õ½¼ ( P.  aztecus ) ©Mµµ½¼ ( P.  duorarum ) ¤Ï¦Ó¦³¦¨ªø´î°hªº±¡ªp¥X²{¡C»P¦¹¬Û¦üªÌ§Y¥­§¡¶}©lÅé­« 4.4g ªºµµ½¼ ( P.  duorarum )¡Aµ¹¤© 35%³J¥Õ½è»ç®Æ®É¡A¦p¹Ï¤Q©Ò¥Ü¶À¨§¯»§t¶q¦Û 30%¼W¥[¨ì 45%¡A«h¨äÅé­«¼W¥[¦Ê¤À²v§e²{»´«×ªº¤U­°¡C

»P¤W­z¬Û¤ÏªÌ§Y¦b 35%³J¥Õ½è»ç®Æ¸ÕÅç®É¡A¥Õ½¼ ( P. setiferus ) ªºÅé­«¼W¥[¦Ê¤À²v¡AÀHµÛ¶À¨§¯»§t¶q¦Û 30%¼W¥[ 45%¦Ó²¤¦³´£°ª¡AµM«á¦b¶À¨§¯»§t¶qÄ~Äò¼W¥[ 75%®É¡A¦p¹Ï¤Q©Ò¥Ü§e²{Åé­«¼W¥[¦Ê¤À²vªº¤U­°¡A¥Õ½¼ ( P.  setiferus ) ªºÅé­«¼W¥[¦Ê¤À²v¡A¦b¶À¨§¯»§t¶q 30% »P 60%ªº 35%³J¥Õ½è»ç®Æ²Õ¶¡¨ÃµL®t§O¡C¦p¹Ï¤Q¤@©Ò¥Ü¥Õ½¼ ( P.  vannamei ) »P¬ü¬w¥Õ½¼ ( P.  setiferus )¡A¦b 35%³J¥Õ½è»ç®Æªº¶À¨§¯»§t¶q¡A¦Û 15%¨ì45%¶¡®É¨äÅé­«¼W¥[¦Ê¤À²v¤]¨S¦³ÅܤơC¦p¹Ï¤Q¤G©Ò¥Ü¦b¶}©lÅé­« 7.2 gªºµµ½¼ ( P.  duorarum )¡Aµ¹¤© 35%³J¥Õ½è»ç®Æ®É¡AÁöµM¶À¨§¯»§t¶q¦Û 30% ¼W¥[¨ì 75%¡A¨Ã¤£·|­°§C¨äÅé­«¼W¥[¦Ê¤À²v¡C

³o¶µµ²ªG«ü¥X¶À¨§¯»§t¶q¹F 53%®É¡A¦b 25%³J¥Õ½è»ç®Æ¤¤ªº­­¨î¦¨¤À ( Limiting  component )¡A¦b»ç®Æ³J¥Õ½è´£°ª¨ì 35%ªº³õ¦X®É¡A´N¤£¦Aµo´§¨ä­­¨î¦¨ªøªº§@¥Î¡C§t¦³¦h¶q¶À¨§¯»®É©Ò²£¥Í¦¨ªø´î°hªº­ì¦]¡A¥i¯à«Y¥Ñ³½¯»©M½¼ÀY¯»§t¶q¡A¤£¤Î¨ä³Ì§C»Ý¨D¶q©Ò³y¦¨¡A¦Ó«D¥Ñ¶À¨§¯»§t¶qªº¦h¹è©Ò¥ª¥k¡C¡@

¥H¶À¨§¯»§t¶q¤À§O¬° 10%»P 40%ªº¨âºØ¹}®Æ°Ó«~¡A¦b¤g¦À¾i´Þ¬ü¬w¥Õ½¼ ( P.  vannamei )¡A¨ä¤ô½è»P¦¨ªø¼Æ¾Ú¦pªí¥|©Ò¥Ü¡A³o¨âºØ¹}®Æ°Ó«~¥D­n®t§O¦b©ó¡A¶À¨§¯»ªº§t¶q»P°Êª«©Ê­ì®Æªº§t¶q¡A¶À¨§¯»§t¶q¦hªÌ ( 40% ) ©Ò§t°Êª«©Ê­ì®Æ¡A¤ñ¶À¨§¯»§t¶q¤ÖªÌ ( 10% ) ¬°¤Ö¡C³o¨Ç¼Æ¾Ú«ü¥X¨âºØ¤£¦P¹}®Æ°Ó«~ªº¾i½¼¦À¡A¨ä¤ô½èÅÜ¼Æ ( Water   quality  variables ) ¶¡¨ÃµL©úÅ㪺®t²§¡A¤£¹L¥»¶µ¹êÅç¨t²Îªº¬¡¦s²v²¤§C©ó 50%¡A¦Ó¥B¤ñ©Ò¹w´Áªº¬¡¦s²v¬ù§C 30%¡C­ì¦]¥i¯à¥Ñ©ó·í®É¾¥¦è­ôÆW ( The  Gulf  of  Mexico )¡A¥X²{¤@ºØ¬õ¼é¥Íª« ( Red  tide  organism ) ªº Ptychodiscus  brevis ©Ò­P¡A¦Ó¦]¬°®ü¤ô¤¤§t¦³ Ptychodiscus  brevis ©Ò­¢¡A¨Ï¤­¶g¤¤¨C¤é´«¤ô²v­°§C¨ì¤£¤Î 1%¡A»·§C©ó¸Ó¾i´Þ¦Àªº¥¿±`´«¤ô²v¡C¤£¹L¦b³oºØ°Ó·~©Ê¾i´Þ¦Àªº¸ÕÅ礤¡AµL½×¶À¨§¯»§t¶q¬° 40%»P10%ªº¹}®Æ°Ó«~¡A¹}¾iµ²ªG¬Ò±o¨ì¨C¶g¨C°¦½¼¼W­«¬ù 1 gªº¦¨ÁZ¡A¦Ó¥B¦b¬°´Á 82 ¤éªº¤g¦À¾i´Þ´Á«á¡A³o¨âºØ°Ó·~©Ê¹}®Æ©Ò¹}¾iªº®ü¤ô½¼¡A¦¬Àò®Éªº­«¶q¶¡¨ÃµL¯S§Oªº®t²§¥X²{¡C

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TABLE  FOUR:  Growth  and  water   quality  data  for Penaeus vannamei fed  either   a  commercial  feed  containing  10%  or  40%   soybean  meal  in  earthen  ponds.

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Variable

                                        Treatment                                            

10%  Soybean  Feed 40%  Soybean  Feed
Water  Temperature  AM (¢J) 25.7±3.2 25.7±3.2
Water  Temperature  PM (¢J) 29.0±3.7 29.0±3.7
Dissolved  Oxygen  AM (mg/liter) 3.8±1.2 4.1±1.1
Dissolved  Oxygen  PM (mg/liter) 9.2±1.8 8.9±1.7
Salinity (ppt) 33.0±3.6 33.2±3.7
pH 8.9±0.2 8.9±0.2
Chlorophyll  a (microgram/liter) 18.7±18.0 14.3±18.5
Harvest  Size (grams/shrimp) 12.2±0.6 12.6±0.3

Values  are  mean±standard  deviation   for  four  ponds  for  harvest  size  and  328   observattions  for  water  quality  values.

Percent  survival  was  48.1  and  49.1   for  ponds  fed  commercial  feeds  containing  10%   and  40%  soybean  meals ,  respectively.

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±q¥H¤W©Ò±o¨ìªººî¦Xµ²½×¬O¡A¡u¹ï½¼ ( Penaeid   shrimp )¡v¥Î¹}®Æ¤¤¶À¨§¯»ªº½Õ°t¶q¡A¥i¥H´£°ª¨ì 10%¥H¤W¡A¦Ó¥B½¼°¦¹ï©Ò§t»ç®Æ¶À¨§¯»ªºÀç¾i©Ê¤ÏÀ³¡A«Y¨ü¨ì»ç®ÆÁ`³J¥Õ½è¡A½¼Åé¤j¤p»P½¼Ãþªº«~ºØµ¥©Ò¤ä°t¡C¨Æ¹ê¤W±q¥H¤Wªº¼Æ¾Ú´£¥Ü¡A¦b¯Ê¥F¤ÑµM»ç®Æªº¹êÅç«ÇÀô¹Ò¤¤¡A§t¦³¶À¨§¯» 40 ~ 50%ªº¹}®Æ¡A¤w¸g¨¬¥i¥Î¨Ó¾i´Þ¤W­zªº®ü¤ô½¼Ãþ¡C

¤w¦³ªºÃÒ©ú«ü¥X¨Ï¥Î¤@ºØ§CÀç¾i©Ê¹}®Æ¡A¦b¦À¤¤¾i½¼ªºµ²ªG¨ä¦¨ªø²v¡A°ª©ó¬Û¦P¹}®Æ¦b¹êÅç«Ç¤ô½c¾i½¼ªº¦¨ªø²v¡A©Î»P¨Ï¥Î¥t¤@ºØ°ªÀç¾i©Ê¹}®Æ¡A¦b¹êÅç«Ç¤ô½c¾i´Þ¤¤¡AµLªk±o¨ì¤ÑµM»ç®Æªº½t¬G¡A¦Ó«áªÌ¹ï©ó«Ç¥~¾i´Þ¦À¤¤¡A©Ò¾i´Þ½¼ÃþªºÀç¾i»Ý¨D¦³©Ò°^Äm¡C¨Ï¥Î¹}®Æ°Ó«~ªº°Ó·~©Ê¦Àªk¾i½¼®É¡A¦pªG¤£¯Ê¥F¥b·L¶q«¬Àç¾i¯À ( Semi-micronutrients ) ¦p¥²»Ý¯×ªÕ»Äµ¥¡A¥H¤Î·L¶qÀç¾i¯À¦pºû¥Í¯À©MÄqª«½è¡A«h¹}®Æ°Ó«~¤¤ªº¶À¨§¯»§t¶q¡A¦³¥i¯à¶i¤@¨B´£°ª¨ì 40 ~ 50%¥H¤W¡C

¦b¬Y¨Ç¦a¤è¦pªG¯à§Q¥Î´Óª«©Ê­ì®Æ¡A¨ú¥N¤ñ¸û©ù¶Qªº°Êª«©Ê­ì®Æ¡A«h¥i¥H¤j´T«×¸`¬Ù¹}®Æ¦¨¥»¡A¹ï©ó³J¥Õ½è§t¶q¦b 25 ~ 45%ªº¹}®Æ°Ó«~¡A­ì®Æ¦¨¥»¨C¤½¾·°ª¹F 250 ~ 500¬ü¤¸ªº³½¯»¡A¦³¥i¯à¥Î¤j¶qªº¶À¨§¯»¤©¥H¨ú¥N¡A¨Ï±o¦b°Ó·~©Ê¦À¦¡¾i½¼·~ªÌ¡A±q§t¦³¶À¨§¯»ªº¾i½¼¹}®Æ¡A±o¨ì¸`¬Ù¹}®Æ¦¨¥»ªº§Q¯q¡C

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°Ñ¦Ò¤åÄm

Colvin , L.B.  and  C.W.  Brank. 1977.   The  protein  requirement  of  penaeid  shrimp  at   various  life  cycle  stages  in  controlled   envirronment  systems. Journal  World  Mariculture  Society   8:821840.

Balazs , G.H.,  E.  Ross  and  C.C.   Brooks.  1973.  Preliminary  studies  on  the   preparation  and  feeding  of  crustacean  diets.   Aquaculture  2:369.

Balazs , G.H.  and  E.  Ross. 1976.   Effect  of  protein  source  and  level  on   Growth  and  performance  on  the  captive   freshwater  prawn , Macrobrachium  rosenbergii.  Aquaculture   7:299.

Fenucci ,  J. L.  and  Z. P.   Zein-Eldin.  1976.  Evaluation  of  squid  mantle   meal  as  a  protein  source  in  penaeid   nutrition.  FAO  Technical  Conference  on  Aquaculture , Kyoto , Japan.

Forster ,  J. R. M.  and  T. W.  Beard.   1973.  Growth  experiments  with  the  prawn   Palaemon  serratus  pennant  fed  fresh  and   compounded  foods.  Fisheries  Investigations ,  Series   II.  v.  27 ,  no.  7 ,  Ministry  of   Agriculture ,  Fisheries  and  Food ,  London.

SAS.  1984.  SAS  User's  Guide:   Statistical  Analysis  System  Institute ,  Inc .,  Cary ,   N. C.

Sick ,  L. V.  and  J. W. Andrews.1973.   The  effect  of  selected  dietary  lipids , carbohydrates   and  proteins  on  the  growth ,  survival  and   body  composition  of  penaeus  duorarum.  Journal   World  Mariculture  Society  4:263.

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