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¯ó½¼»á¨ü¤H̪ºÅwªï¡A¦b¥xÆW§ó¨ã¦³°ª¸gÀÙ»ùȪº¤ô²£¾i´Þ°Êª«¡A¦ý¬O¯ó½¼¹ï³J¥Õ½èªº°ª»Ý¨D©Ê³y¦¨¨ä¹}®Æ¦¨¥»°¾°ªªº°ÝÃD¡A¦]¦¹³]ªk°§C¹}®Æ¦¨¥»¶q¬°ºn¤u§@¡C¶À¨§¯»·~¸g³ø§i¥i¥H¤£¦Pµ{«×¾A¥Î©ó³\¦h½¼Ãþ(Balazasµ¥¡A1973¡FBalazas©MRoss¡A1976¡FSick©MAndrews¡A1973¡FFenucciµ¥¡A1980)¡CµM¦Ó¹ï¯ó½¼¦Ó¨¥¡A¹}®Æ¤¤¶À¨§¯»ªº¾A·í¤ñ¨Ò¤´©|¥¼²M·¡¡A¥»¹êÅç§Y¬O±´°Q¯ó½¼¹ï¶À¨§¯»ªº§Q¥Î¯à¤O¡C
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¹êÅç¹}®Æ«Y±Ä¥ÎÀ½À£¾÷(extruder)»s³y¡AÀ½À£¦¨«¬¤§«á¡A¥ý¥H80¢J¼ö·°®Àê15¤ÀÄÁ¡AµM«á¦b«Ç·Å¤U¡A§N·°®Àê10¤ÀÄÁ¡A¨Ï¤ô¤À°¨ì10¢H¡C¹}®ÆB¡BC¡BD¡BE¤À§O¦U§t20¢H¡B30¢H¡B40¢H¡B50¢Hªº¶À¨§¯»¡A¹}®Æ°t¤è°Ñ¨£ªí¤@¡C¹}®ÆA¬°°Ó·~¹}®Æ¡A¹ï·Ó²Õ¡C¤ºØ¹}®Æ§¡«öAOACªk(AOAC¡A1975)¶i¦æ¦¨¤À¤ÀªR(ªí¤@)¡C
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¤è Table 1. Ingredient composition of experimental feed. |
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ì®Æ(³J¥Õ½è¡þ¯×ªÕ) | ¹ê Åç ¹} ®Æ | ||||
A | B | C | D | E | |
³½ºë¯»(55¡þ8.2) ³J¶À¯À ¤p³Áµ¬¯»(80¡þ9) ½¼´ß¯»(35¡þ3.7) ¯Q¸é¯»(54.6¡þ15.9) »Ã¥À¯»(46.3¡þ1.8) ÁC»Ä¶u(16.3¡þ4.0) ¾¢¥Ö(16.3¡þ4.0) ÁC»Ä¶t ¥Õ³½¯»(66.0¡þ5.7) °ªµ¬Äѯ»(16.7¡þ1.2) ºÒ»Ä¹[ ºÒ»Ä¶t ³½¯» ¯Q¸é¯» ªm¥Û¯» ¶À¨§¯»(49¡þ0.5) Äqª«½è* ºû¥Í¯À* |
¡@ ¡Ð ¡Ð ¡Ð ¡Ð ¡Ð ¡Ð ¡Ð ¡Ð ¡Ð ¡Ð ¡Ð ¡Ð ¡Ð ¡Ð ¡Ð ¡Ð ¡Ð ¡Ð |
1.0 1.0 5.0 7.0 7.0 2.0 2.0 12.5 1.0 18.0 16.8 1.2 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.5 20.0 2.0 1.0 |
1.0 1.0 5.0 7.0 7.0 2.0 2.0 8.3 2.0 12.0 15.7 0.8 0.3 0.4 1.0 1.5 30.0 2.0 1.0 |
1.0 1.0 5.0 7.0 7.0 2.0 2.0 4.1 3.0 6.0 14.6 0.4 0.7 0.7 1.0 1.5 40.0 2.0 1.0 |
1.0 1.0 5.0 7.0 7.0 2.0 2.0 0.0 4.0 0.0 13.5 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 50.0 2.0 1.0 |
¹}®Æ¦¨¤À¤ÀªR** ²Ê³J¥Õ½è(¢H) ²Ê¯×ªÕ(¢H) ÅÖºû¯À(¢H) ¦Ç ¤À(¢H) ¶t(¢H) ÁC(¢H) |
¡@ 40.4 8.1 1.2 8.0 2.4 2.0 |
¡@ 43.6 5.3 3.0 15.9 2.9 2.4 |
¡@ 42.8 5.0 3.1 15.3 2.7 2.0 |
¡@ 42.2 4.9 3.3 15.0 2.6 2.0 |
¡@ 43.2 5.0 2.8 15.2 2.8 2.1 |
*¡G¨£ªí¤G **¡G¤ÀªR±Ä¥ÎAOAC¤èªk |
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¯À ¹w ©Õ ¦¨ ¤À §t ¶q Table 2. Aqua premixture in the experimental feed. |
|||
MINERAL (g/kg) | VITAMIN (g/kg) | ||
Calcium carbonate Calcium phosphate Citric acid Cupric sulfate Ferric sulfate Magnium oxide Maganese carbonate Potassium iodine Potassium phosphate, Dibasic Potassium sulfate Sodium chloride Zinc sulfate Sodium phosphate ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ |
0.4200 11.7000 0.0454 0.0112 0.0886 0.5000 0.1548 0.0002 1.6200 1.3600 0.6120 0.0236 0.4280 ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ |
Vitamin A Vitamin E Ascorbic acid Inositol Choline Menadione PABA Niacin Riboflavin Pyridoxine Thiamine Pantothenate Vitamin D Biotin Folic acid Vitamin B12 |
1.8 80.0 200.0 50.0 75.0 2.3 30.0 26.0 8.0 3.0 5.0 15.0 1.0 1.0 5.0 1.0 |
ªí¤T ¦U ³B ²z ²Õ ¤ô ½è ¼Æ ¾Ú (Table 3. Water quality data for P. Monodon fed 5 experimental feed in the concrete ponds.) | |||||
¶µ ¥Ø | ³B ²z ²Õ | ||||
A | B | C | D | E | |
¤W¤È¤ô·Å(¢J) ¤U¤È¤ô·Å(¢J) ·»®ñ¶q07¡G00(ppm) ·»®ñ¶q13¡G00(ppm) ·»®ñ¶q17¡G00(ppm) ¤W¤ÈÆQ«×(ppt) ¤U¤ÈÆQ«×(ppt) pHÈ07¡G00 pHÈ17¡G00 ¨Èµv»ÄÈ |
28.6±2.6 30.7±2.6 5.6±0.5 8.3±1.2 8.5±0.9 17.2±4.5 18.3±2.8 8.38±0.11 8.49±0.18 0.21±0.18 |
28.6±2.6 30.7±2.6 5.7±0.5 8.4±1.2 8.6±1.1 17.2±4.5 18.3±2.8 8.36±0.11 8.49±0.18 0.21±0.18 |
28.6±2.6 30.7±2.6 5.6±0.5 8.5±1.3 8.9±1.0 17.2±4.5 18.3±2.8 8.39±0.14 8.52±0.19 0.21±0.18 |
28.6±2.6 30.7±2.6 5.6±0.5 8.5±1.1 8.5±0.9 17.2±4.5 18.3±2.8 8.37±0.13 8.47±0.18 0.21±0.18 |
28.6±2.6 30.7±2.6 5.6±0.7 8.4±1.5 8.6±1.0 17.2±4.5 18.3±2.8 8.38±0.13 8.47±0.18 0.21±0.18 |
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¥»¹êÅç¥H0.51g¯ó½¼¦b¹êÅçÀô¹Ò±ø¥ó¤U¹¥¾i31¤é¦Ü¥§¡Å髹F3.85g¤§¯ó½¼5,400§À¡A¹}¾i©ó20Ó3¤½¤Ø¡Ñ3¤½¤Ø¡Ñ1.2¤½¤Øªº¤ôªd¦À¤¤¡A¨ÑÀ³¹LÂo¥B¥R¤À¥´®ð¤§¥b²HÄФô¡A¨ä¹}¾i±K«×¬°30§À¡þ¥¤è¤½¤Ø¡C¥¿¦¡¹êÅç¶}©l«e¡A¦U¦À¥HÀH¾÷¤è¦¡©â¼Ë¯¯«3¡ã4¦¸¡A¨D±o¥§¡ªì«¡Cº¸«á¨C¹j3¶g¨Ì¤Wz¤è¦¡¶i¦æ¤@¦¸¯¯«¡AÂÇ¥H¤F¸Ñ¨ä¦¨ªø±¡§Î¡C²Ä¤@¶¥¬q(7¡þ9¡ã8¡þ21)ªº6¶g¹êÅçµ²§ô®É¡A¦Û¨CºØ¹}®Æ²Õªº4«½Æ¦À¤¤¥ô·N¨ú¥X¤G¦À(5¡A13¡F7¡A23¡F20¡A22¡F1¡A17¡F11¡A19¦À)¶i¦æ¨C§ÀÓ§O¯¯«½T©w¨äÅé«©M¬¡¦s²v¡C¨ä¾l¦U¦À¤´¥H©â¼Ë¤è¦¡¯¯«¡A©Ò¦³¦U´ú«½¼Å駡©ñ¦^¨äì¦À¡AÄ~Äò²Ä¤G¶¥¬q(8¡þ22¡ã10¡þ15)ªº8¶g¹êÅç¡C²Ä¤G¶¥¬q¹êÅçµ²§ô«á¡A20¦À(5³B²z²Õ¡Ñ4«½Æ¦À)ªº¯ó½¼¥þ³¡¶i¦æÓ§O¯¯«¡A¤À§Opºâ¦U³B²z²Õ¤§¥§¡Åé«¡B¹}®ÆÂà´««Y¼Æ¡B¬¡¦s²v¡B³æ¦ì¥Í²£¶q¥H¤Î¦b¥xÆWªº³æ¦ì±¿n¥«³õ»ùȦC©óªí5¡Bªí6¡C
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ªí¥| ¦U ¸Õ Åç ¶¥ ¬q ¤§ ¨C ¤é µ¹ »ç ²v (Table 4. Daily feeding rate in 5 treatments of shrimp in different stages) | ||||||
¹} ®Æ | ¶À ¨§ ¯»§t¶q(¢H) | ¶¥ ¬q (¶g) | ¥§¡µ¹»ç²v(¢H) | |||
0¡ã3 | 3¡ã6 | 6¡ã9 | 9¡ã14 | |||
A B C D E |
¡Ð 20 30 40 50 |
3.29 2.87 3.77 3.69 3.73 |
2.42 2.63 2.59 2.60 2.82 |
2.39 2.99 2.65 2.46 2.60 |
2.05 2.63 2.28 2.06 2.10 |
2.54±0.46 2.78±0.16 2.82±0.65 2.70±0.60 2.81±0.59 |
µ¹»ç²v¡×(¹}®Æ°®«¡þ½¼Åé«)¡Ñ100¢H |
ªí¤ ¦U¹êÅ綥¬q¤§¥§¡Åé«»P¹}®ÆÂà´««Y¼Æ(Table 5. Average body weight and feed conversion ratio of the feeding experiment in each stage.) | |||||
SBM level(%) | Average body weight (g) | Feed conversion ratio | |||
Initial | Middle | Final | Stage 1* | Stage 2* | |
¡Ð 20 30 40 50 |
4.00±0.46 3.75±0.50 3.84±0.71 3.64±0.59 4.01±0.34 |
14.73±0.35 12.34±1.31 12.27±2.39 12.82±1.23 11.84±1.51 |
23.91±2.19 21.74±1.99 19.74±3.02 20.88±0.69 22.47±2.32 |
1.11±0.15 1.24±0.16 1.23±0.23 1.25±0.26 1.47±0.27 |
1.51±0.50 2.10±0.36 2.36±0.38 2.08±0.32 1.93±0.38 |
*Stage 1:07/09/87-08/21/87; Stage 2:08/22/87-10/15/87. |
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¹êÅçµ²§ô«á¡A¥HÅܲ§¼Æ¤ÀªRªk(Analysis of Variance)¶i¦æ²Îp¤ÀªR¡C
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¥Ñ©ó¯¯«¤è¦¡ªº¤£¦P(¦p"§÷®Æ»P¤èªk"¤¤©Òz)20Ó¸ÕÅç¦À¦³2ºØ¯¯«³B²z¤è¦¡(Process)P1¡G10Ó¦À¤lªº¯ó½¼¦b²Ä14¶gµ²§ô®É¶i¦æ¨C§ÀÓ§O¯¯«¡FP2¡G¨ä¥L10¦À(5¡A13¡A7¡A20¡A22¡A1¡A17¡A11¡A19)«h¤À§O¦b²Ä6¶gÓ§O¯¯««á³õ¸m¦^ì¦ÀÄ~Äò¹}¾i¤Î²Ä14¶gµ²§ô®É¡A§@¨C§ÀÓ§O¯¯«³B²z¡A¬°¤F¤F¸Ñ³o¤GºØ¤£¦P¯¯«³B²zªº¹Lµ{¡A¹ï¯ó½¼³y¦¨ºò¢(Stress)µ{«×¬O§_·|¼vÅT¦¨ªø¡A¥Ñ¹Ï¥|¡B¤¤ñ¸û¥iª¾¨ä¼W«ªºÅܤƱ¡§Î¡A¨ÃµLÅãµÛ®t²§¡C¦]¦¹¡A©Ò¦³ªº¸ê®Æ¤´¥i¦X¨Ö²Îp¤ÀªR¡A¤£¨ü¤GºØ³B²z¹Lµ{ªº¼vÅT¡C
¯ó½¼¼W«¦Ê¤À²v¦b14¶gªºÅܤƦp¹Ï¤@©Ò¥Ü¡A¹ï·Ó²Õªº°Ó·~¹}®Æ(¹}®ÆA)¦Û©l¦Ü²×¦³³Ì°ªªº¼W«¦Ê¤À²v(²Ä14¶g497.75¢H)¦Ó§t¦³30¢H¶À¨§¯»ªº¹}®ÆC²Õ¼W«³Ì¤Ö(414.06¢H)§ë¹}5ºØ¹}®Æªº¯ó½¼¦b¼W«¦Ê¤À²v¤W¨ÃµLÅãµÛ®t²§(P¡Ö0.05)¡C¦b¥»¹êÅ礤¼W«¦Ê¤À²v¨ü¨ì¬¡¦s²vªº¼vÅT«Ü¤j¡C¨Ò¦p¡GÁý¹}¹}®ÆBªº¯ó½¼Áö¦³¸û°¾°ªªº¼W«¦Ê¤À²v(¹Ï¤@)¡A¦ý¬O¨ä¬¡¦s²v«oÅãµM°¾§C(ªí¤»)¡A¦¹²{¶H»P¬ü¬w¥Õ½¼(P. vannamei)ªº¸ÕÅçµ²ªGÃþ¦ü(Wybanµ¥¡A1987)¡C
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ªí¤» ³æ ¦ì ²£ ¶q »P ¥x ÆW ¥« ³õ »ù È ¤ñ ¸û (Table 6. The production and economic value in Taiwan of the feeding experiment during 98 days. |
||||||
Diet code | SBM level(¢H) | No of shrimp | Survival rate(%) | Production(gm/M2) | Economic value (M.T. dollars/M2) | |
initial | final | |||||
A B C D E |
¡Ð 20 30 40 50 |
270¡Ñ4 270¡Ñ4 270¡Ñ4 270¡Ñ4 270¡Ñ4 |
355 211 384 350 299 |
32.87±9.71 19.51±5.21 35.56±10.93 32.41±9.02 27.65±5.62 |
232.27 124.87 198.58 200.27 175.52 |
34.3 17.8 22.5 25.8 24.4 |
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(1)²Ä¤G¶¥¬q®É¤ôªd¦Àªº¦Û²b¯à¤O(Self-cleaning)¤w¹F·¥¡A¥ç§Y¦À©³ªº©³¬â¹ï¦³¾÷¼oª«¤wµL¤O¤À¸Ñ®ø¤Æ¡A³y¦¨½¼¦b¦À©³¨ü¨ì¸û²Ä¤@¶¥¬q¬°¤jªººò¢©ÒP¡C
(2)¦b6¡ã9¶g¶¡¯ó½¼´¿¨ü¨ìÄÁ§ÎÂÎ(Epistylis sp.)©M¶Ý´X¤B²Óµßªº·P¬V¡AÁö¨³³tÀò³B²z§ïµ½¡A¦ý¨ä¶¡¤£§K¦]¯f®`¦Ó¦³·l¥¢¡C
¤ºØ¹}®Æªº¹}®ÆÂà´««Y¼Æ(Feed conversion ratio)¨ÃµLÅãµÛ®t²§(P¡Ö0.05)¡A¤£¹L°Ó·~¹}®Æ¦b¨âÓ¸ÕÅ綥¬q¤§FCRȧ¡³Ì¨Î(¥§¡¬°1.34)¦Ó§t¦³30¢H¶À¨§¯»ªº¹}®ÆCªºFCRȸû®t(¥§¡¬°1.88)¡CÕ¥H¤GÓ¹êÅ綥¬q§@¤ñ¸û¡A«h¥H²Ä¤@¶¥¬qªºFCR¸û²Ä¤G¶¥¬q¬°Àu¡A¥ÑShroeder (1980,1987)©MWyban (1987)¹ï§d³¢³½(Tilapia)ÃU³½(Carp)©M¨ä¥L½¼Ãþ¶i¦æªº¬ã¨s³ø§i¦³¦P¼Ë¶W¶Õ¡A¦]¦¹À³¬O¦¨ªø¶¥¬q¤£¦P©ÒP¡C
¦b¥»¹êÅ礤¥t¤@µ²ªGÅã¥Ü¡A¸û°ªªº¬¡¦s²v¦³¸û°ªªº³æ¦ì²£¶q(r¡×0.897)¡C¦ý¡A¥xÆWªº¯ó½¼®ø¶O¥«³õ¥H¯ó½¼ªºÓÅéÅ髨M©w¨ä»ù®æ¡C¦]¦¹¡A¸û°ªªº¬¡¦s²vÀò±o¸û°ªªº³æ¦ì±¿n¥«³õ»ùȪºÃö«Y(r¡×0.600)¤£¦p¬¡¦s²v»P³æ¦ì²£¶q¶¡ªºÃö«Y©úÅã¡A¦Ûªí¤»¥iª¾¡AÁý¹}¹}®ÆAªº¯ó½¼¨ã¸û°ªªº¸gÀÙ»ùÈ¡A¦ÓÁý¹}¹}®ÆBªº¯ó½¼¨ä¸gÀÙ»ùȸû§C¡C
ºî½×¤§¡AÕ¥H³æ¦ì²£¶q¡A¹}®ÆÂà´««Y¼Æ©M¥«³õ»ùȵû¦ô¡A³o¤Ó¸ÕÅç³B²z²Õ¯ó½¼©Ò¤ÏÀ³¥Xªº®ÄªG¡C¹}®ÆB¡BC¡BD¡BE¦ü¥G³£²¤§C©ó°Ó·~¹}®Æªº®ÄªG¡AµM¦Ó³o¥|ºØ¶À¨§¯»¨ú¥N¤§¹êÅç¹}®Æ¤]Åã¥Ü¥X¨ä¨}¦nªº®ÄªG¡C¤×¨ä¬O¹}®ÆD²K¥[40¢H¶À¨§¯»¹}®Æ¡A¦³®ÄÀu²§ªº³æ¦ì²£¶q¥H¤Î¥«³õ¸gÀÙ»ùÈ¡C±q¦Ó±ÀÂ_¦b¹}®Æ¤¤²K¥[40¢Hªº¶À¨§¯»À³·í¥i¦æ¡C
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°Ñ¦Ò¤åÄm
AOAC, 1975. Official Methodsof Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemista, 12th edition. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC, 1094 pp.
Ralazs, G. H., Ross, E. and Brooks, C. C. 1973. Preliminary studies on the preparation and feeding of crustacean diets, Aquaculture, 2: 369.
Balazs, G. H. and Ross, E. 1976. Effect of protein source and level on growth and performance on the captive freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Aquaculture, 7: 299.
Fenucci, J. L. and Zein-Eldin, Z. P. 1976. Evaluation of squid mantle meal as a protein source in penaeid nutrition. FAO Technical Conference on Aquaculture. Kyoto, Japan.
Jackson, A. J., Capper, B. S. and Matty, A. J. 1982. Evaluation of some plant proteins in complete diets for the Tilapia Sarotherodon mossambicus. Aquaculture, 27: 97-109.
Lawrence, A. L., Castille, F. L., Jr., Sturmer, L. N. and Akiyama, D. M. 1987. Nutritional response of marinr shrimp to different levels of soybean meal in feeds. ¶À¨§»P»sªo 15(6):24-36.
Schroeder, G. L. 1978. Autotrophic and heterotrophic production of micro-organisms in intensely manured fish ponds, and related fish yields. Aquaculture. 14:303-325.
Schroeder, G. L. 1980. Fish farming in manure loaded ponds. In R. S. V. Pullin and Z. H. Shehadek (editods), Integral Agriculture-Aquaculture Farming Systems. I. C. L. A. R. M., Metro Manila, Philippines, pp. 73-86.
Shiau, S. Y. 1987. ªë¥Ø³½¹}®Æ¤¤²K¥[¶À¨§¯»¤§¥i¦æ©Ê¡CFish World, 1987 (4):44-50.
Sick, L. V. and Andrews, J. W. 1973. The effect of selected dietary lipids, carbohydrates and proteins on the growth, survival and body composition of Penaeus duorarum. Journal World Mariculture Socity Fish., 49: 1437-1443.
Tacon, A. G. J., Haster, J. V., Featherstone, P. B., Kerr, K. and Jackson, A. J. 1983 meal in complete diet for rainbow trout. Bull. Japan. Soc. Sci. Fish., 49: 1437-1443.
Wyban, J. A., Lee, C. S., Sato, V. T., Sweeney, J. N. and Richards, W. K. Jr., 1987 Effect of stocking density on shrimp growth rates in manure-fertilized ponds. Aquaculture, 61:23-32.
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