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¡@

µ¹¤£§t³J¥Õ½è¹}®Æ¹}¾iªºÂû²K¥[¦UºØÓi°ò»Äªº¸Ü¡A¹ï©ó³J®ò»Ä¦³¸`¬ù´á¯Àªº§@¥Î¡A¦pªG¦A²K¥[ºë®ò»Ä¡A«h¯àÅã¥Ü¥X§ó¦nªº®ÄªG¡A¦b¦¹§â¥¦ºÙ§@³J®ò»Ä¡Aºë®ò»Äªº´á¯À¸`¬ù§@¥Î¡C

³J®ò»Ä¡Bºë®ò»Äªº´á¯À¸`¬ù§@¥Î

¦³ÃöÂûªº³J®ò»Ä©Mºë®ò»Äªº´á¯À¸`¬ù§@¥Î¡A¥i¥H±N¨äµø¬°»Pµ¹¹«¡Bª¯©M½ÞÁý­¹¤£§t³J¥Õ½èªº¹}®Æ®É¡A³J®ò»Ä¥[ßm¤BÓi»Äªº´á¯À¸`¬ù§@¥Î¬O¬Û¦üªº¡C¨Ì¤£¦P°Êª«¥i¤À¬°¤£¦Pªººë®ò»Ä©Mßm¤BÓi»Äªº²Õ¦X¡C

³oºØ©MÂû¦³Ãö¤§³J®ò»Ä©MºëÓi»Äªº´á¯À¸`¬ù§@¥Î¡A¹ï©óÁT«K¤¤ªº´á¯À±Æªn¨S¦³¼vÅT(»P®ø¤Æ²vµLÃö)¡C¦ý¥Ñ©ó§¿¤¤´á¯À±Æªn´î¤Ö¡A´á¯Àªº¶i¥X´N±o¥H§ïµ½¡C(ªí¤@)ªí¥Ü§¿´á¯À±Æªnªº´î¤Ö¡A¥i¥H¥Î§¿»ÄºA´á¯Àªº´î¤Ö¨Ó»¡©ú¡C(ªí¤G)ªí¥Ü¥H¥¼¥[³J¥Õ½è¹}®ÆÁý¾iªºÂû¡AÁý­¹³J®ò»Ä©Mºë®ò»Ä¡A«h§¿»Ä§Î¦¨³Q§í¨î¡C§¿»Ä±Æªn´N´î¤Ö¡A´á¯Àªº¶i¥X´N¥i¥H³Q§ïµ½¡C

ªí¤@ Nitrogen balance of colostomized cocks fed a protein-free diet with

or without methionine plus arginine or glutamic acid

Amino acid supplement

N intake

N excreted

N balance

Fecal N

Urinary N

Mg N¡þbird¡þ3 days

None (PF)

1.48¢H Glu (G)

0.3¢HMet¡Ï0.424¢HArg (MA)

Pooled SE

89.6

243.2

234.4

¢w

126.4

146.6

140.8

8.0

a

a

a

729.8

891.7

548.3

71.2

a , b

a

b

- 766.5

- 795.1

- 454.0

69.5

a

a

b

¡@

ªí¤G Effect of methionine plus arginine supplementation on excretion of nitrogenous

compounds in urine of colostomized cocks fed a protein-free diet

Amino acid supplement

Total

N

Uric acid

N

Ammonia

N

Urea

N

Total Cre-atinine N

Undeterm-ined N

¡@

Mg N ¡þ bird ¡þ 5 days

None (PF)

1.48¢H Glu (G)

0.3¢HMet¡Ï0.424¢HArg (MA)

Pooled SE

729.8

891.7

548.3

71.2

a , b

a

b

507.8

674.8

356.5

62.4

a , b

a

b

121.0

132.2

106.0

12.4

a

a

a

29.4

25.5

50.4

7.4

a

a

a

46.1

42.9

32.8

4.1

a

a

a

25.5

16.4

2.7

19.9

a

a

a

³J®ò»Ä©Mºë®ò»Ä¹ï´á¯À¸`¬ù§@¥Îªº¤j¤p¡AÀ³¸Ó¬O¦bÂûÅ餺©ö°Ê©Ê¶JÂêºÅé³J¥Õ½èªº«O¦³·U¤jªº¸Ü¡A¨ä§@¥ÎÀ³¬O·U¤j¡C¦ý¬O¥Î5¢H¡A20¢H¥H¤Î40¢H³J¥Õ½è¹}®ÆÁý­¹ªºÂû¨Ó½T»{«á¡A³o­Ó§@¥Îªº¤j¤p¬O¬Û¦Pªº¡AÅã¥Ü¥X¤£·|©ö°Ê©Ê¶JÂÃÅé³J¥Õ½èªº¤j¤p©Ò¥ª¥k³J®ò»Ä©Mºë®ò»Äªº´á¯À¸`¬ù§@¥Î¯à¶qªºÄá¨ú¤]¦³Ãö«Y¡A¨ì¤F¯à·½Äá¨ú(§l¦¬)¶q¦b¦Û¥Ñ§l¦¬ªº50¢H(¤@¥b)¥H¤Uªº¸Ü¡A³oºØ§@¥Î´N¤£©úÅã¡C(ªí¤T)³J®ò»Ä©Mºë®ò»Äªº´á¯À¸`¬ù§@¥Î¥D­nµo²{ªº¦a¤è¬OÅé³J¥Õ½è¤º¤]´N¬O²Õ´³J¥Õ½è¡C(ªí¥|)¹ïµL³J¥Õ½è¹}®Æ·í³J®ò»Ä©Mºë®ò»Äªº¸É¥R®É¡AÅé³J¥Õ½èªº¤À¸Ñ²v¬O¤£·|Åܤƪº¡A­Y¨ÏÅé³J½èªº¦X¦¨²v¼W¥[¡AÅܤƴN·|²£¥Í¡C(ªí¤­)¤]´N¬O»¡¡A³J®ò»Ä©Mºë®ò»Äªº´á¯À¸`¬ù§@¥Î¬OÂǵ۫P¶i¤À¸ÑÅé³J¥Õ½è«áªºÓi°ò»Ä¤§¦A§Q¥Î¨Ó«P¶iÅé³J¥Õ½è¦X¦¨¡C³J®ò»Ä©Mºë®ò»Äªº´á¯À¸`¬ù§@¥Î¬O¥H¤Ö¶qªºÓi°ò»Ä´N¦³®ÄªG¡A¥ÑÅé³J¥Õ½è¦X¦¨²vªº¤É°ª¡A´N¥i¥H¤F¸Ñ¨ì¥¦¨}¦nªº®ÄªG¡C

ªí¤T Effect of different energy intake on body weight change, N excretion, N balance and uric acid N

excretion in chicks fed a protein-free diel with or without methi-onine and arginine (experiment 3)

Amino acid supplement

Energy intake 3

Body weight change 2

excretion

N

balance

N

Uric acid Ncxcrction

g¡þ100g BW¡þ10 days

Mg¡þ100g BW¡þday

None (PF)

¡@

Met¡ÏArg (MA)

¡@

Pooled SE

(Energy)2

(AAs)4

100¢H

75¢H

50¢H

100¢H

75¢H

50¢H

- 28.4

- 31.6

- 34.2

- 22.1

- 25.8

- 31.9

0.6

0.8

A

B

B

A

B

C

62.1

57.0

67.0

37.7

40.5

84.1

2.2

2.8

¡@

¡@

A

A

B

- 59.0

- 54.0

- 64.6

- 29.5

- 32.2

- 75.9

2.3

2.8

¡@

¡@

A

A

B

23.8

18.7

29.6

7.3

8.8

31.6

1.5

1.9

a

a

b

A

A

B

¡@

ªí¥| Changes of tissue nitrogen content in chicks fed equal amounts of a protein-free

diet with or without methionine plus arginine (Experiment 2)

Tissue

Changes in N content

¢H Change

PF

Met¡ÏArg

PF

Met¡ÏArg

mg N¡þbird¡þ10 days

¢H

Feathers

Liver

Spleen

GP 2

Heart

Pancreas

Intestine

Kidney

Muscle

PFC 3

161.8± 5.1 1

- 37.3± 3.1

- 1.6± 0.1

- 38.3± 6.7

- 4.0± 1.0

- 14.6± 0.4

- 31.4± 1.5

- 10.4± 0.9

- 291.4±18.1

- 24.0±32.9

174.4±10.0

- 44.6± 2.1 *

- 1.3± 0.1 *

- 25.4± 4.8

- 0.8± 2.2

- 14.5± 0.6

- 17.6± 2.4**

- 11.1± 0.8

- 175.6±25.2**

- 31.8±21.7

68.9±2.0

- 29.1±2.4

- 56.5±4.1

- 23.7±4.1

- 17.9±4.4

- 59.6±1.5

- 35.2±1.9

- 28.4±2.3

- 29.8±2.0

- 2.8±4.0

74.3±4.4

- 34.8±1.6 *

- 43.4±3.4 *

- 15.6±2.9

- 4.2±9.3

- 59.7±2.7

- 19.5±2.6**

- 30.5±2.2

- 17.9±2.5**

- 3.9±2.7

1¡FMean±SE of 8 birds. 2¡FGlzzard¡ÏProventriculus. 3¡FRemainder feather-free carcass.

*,**¡FSignificantly different from the PF group at P¡Õ0.05(*) and P¡Õ0.01(**), respectively.

¡@

ªí¤­ Effect of supplementation with methionine alone or in combination with arginine (MA) on

fractional turnover rates of protein in the whole-body of chicks fed on a protein-free (PF) diet

(Mean values for five birds except for the PF group being four)

Diet

Fractional rate

Synthesis(¢H¡þd)

Growth(¢H¡þd)

Degradation(¢H¡þd)

Protein-free

PF¡Ïmethionine

PF¡ÏMA

SEM (11 dl)

11.0

13.5

13.6

0.6

b

c

c

-2.2

-1.4

-1.1

0.1

b

c

c

13.2

14.8

14.6

0.7

a

a

a

a.b.c. Means within the same column not sharing a common superscript letter were significantly difierent

b.c. P¡Õ0.01.

¥H«e°Êª«Ói°ò»Ä­n¨D¶q¬O¥Ñ¥Í²£¶q(¨Ò¦pÅé­«¼W¥[¶q¡B²£§Z¡B²£¨Åµ¥)¬°°ò·Ç¦Ó¨D±o¡C¦ý¤]¥²­n¦³¤£¦PÆ[ÂIªº¬Ýªk¡A¨Ò¦p¹ï©ó½Þ¡Bßm¤BÓi»Ä¡B¦âÓi»Äªº­n¨D¶q¡A­Y¥H§K¬Ì¤ÏÀ³¬°°ò·Ç¡A¦³³ø§i«ü¥X¬O¥H¤ñÅé­«¼W¥[¶q¬°°ò·Çªº®É­ÔÁÙ­n°ª¡A¹ï©óÂû¤]¬O±qÂ÷Ói»Ä³J®ò»Ä°_¡A¤@¯ëªºÓi°ò»Ä¤]¦³¦P¼Ë±¡§Î¡C³o¼Ëªº³ø§i¡A¤]¶}©l¦³µoªí¡A¤£ºÞ«ç»ò¼Ë¡A¤£³æ³æ¬O¥H¥Í²£¬°°ò·Ç¡C¥H§K¬Ìµ¥ªº°·±d¬°°ò·ÇªºÓi°ò»Ä­n¨D¶qªº¦AÀË°Q¤]¬O¡C±N³o­Ó°ÝÃDÂX¤j°_¨Ó¡AÀô¹Òªº¦Ã¬Vµ{«×¡B²M¼äµ{«×©MÓi°ò»Ä­n¨D¶qªºÃö³sµ¥µ¥¤]±N·|Åܦ¨¤µ«áªº°ÝÃD¡I

Ói°ò»ÄªºÀç¾i¯S²§©Ê

Mitchell and Block (1946)¡C²Ä¤@­­¨îÓi°ò»Ä©M¥þ§Z³J¥Õ½è¸Ì§t¦³ªº¸ÓÓi°ò»Äªº¤ñ©M¥Íª«»ù¦³«Ü¤jªº¬ÛÃö¡A¦]¦¹µoªí¤Fchemical scoreªº·§©À¡C³o­Ó·Qªk¬O±q¨M©w¤F°Êª«ªºÓi°ò»Ä»Ý¨D¶q¶}©l¡A²Ä¤@­­¨îÓi°ò»Ä©M¨äÓi°ò»Ä»Ý¨D¶qªº¤ñ·í§@chemical scoreªº°ò¦¡A§@¬°Ói°ò»Ä¸É¥Rªº­ì²z¡C¤@¯ë¨Ó»¡¡A²z½×©M¹ê»Ú¤Wªº¼Æ­È±`¬O¤@­Pªº¡C¦ý¬O¦pªG¸Ô²Ó¦a½×­z¥¦¡A³æ³æ¥Î³o­Ó²z½×ÁÙ¬O¦³«Ü¦h²{¶HµLªk»¡©ú¡C

­è­è±Ô­zªº³J®ò»Ä©Mºë®ò»Äªº´á¯À¸`¬ù§@¥Î¤]µLªk¥Î³o­Ó²z½×¨Ó»¡©ú¡CÁÙ¦³¨Ì·Ó³o­Ó²z½×¡A¤£½×¨º¤@ºØÓi°ò»Ä§@²Ä¤@­­¨îÓi°ò»Ä³£¦³¦P¼Ëµ{«×ªº¤í¯Êªº¸Ü¡A¥Íª«»ùÀ³¸Ó¬O¬Û¦Pªº¡A¦ý¬O¤]¦³¤£ºÉ¬O¦p¦¹ªº¨Æ¨Ò¤§³ø§i¡C

µÕ­ì¥ý¥Íµ¥¤HªºµÛ§@¸Ì¡A§â³æ¤@Ói°ò»Ä§Ë¦¨¼Ð·Ç¹}®Æªº60¢H®É¡AÂúÂûªº¼W­«±¡§ÎÅã¥Ü¥X¦¨¬°ªí¤»ªº³ø§i¡C¥Ñ¯Ê¥FÓi°ò»ÄªººØÃþ¥iÅã¥Ü¨ä¤ÏÀ³ªº®t²§¡A­Y¥H­n¨D¶qªº50¢H¡A¨Ï¨ä¯Ê¥F³æ¤@Ói°ò»Ä®Éªºµ²ªG´NÅܦ¨¹³ªí¤C¨º¼Ë¡AÁÙ¬O¨Ì¯Ê¥FÓi°ò»ÄªººØÃþ¡A¨ä¤ÏÀ³¦³©Ò¤£¦P¡C¹³³o¼Ë¨ÌÓi°ò»ÄªººØÃþ¡B¤í¯Ê¡B¹L³Ñªº¼vÅT¤§¬Û²§¡AºÙ§@¡¨Ói°ò»ÄÀç¾i¯S²§©Ê¡¨¡C¦bªí¤C¥iª`·N¨ìºc³y§Î¦¡«Ü¬Û¦ü¡A¦ý¤í¯Ê®É¤§¼vÅTµ{«×¤£¦P¤§¤À§ÁÂêÓi°ò»Ä¡C

¦¹¸û¤£¨ü¤í¯Êµ{«×©Ò¼vÅT¤§¥ÕÓi»Ä¡A¤¤µ¥µ{«×ªºõéÓi»Ä¤í¯Ê¼vÅT¤jªº¦³²§¥ÕÓi»Ä¡C³o¨Ç³æ¤@Ói°ò»Ä¥¦­Ì¤í¯Ê25¢H®É©M¤í¯Ê75¢H®Éªº½Õ¬d´N¦p¦Pªí¤K¡A¤í¯Ê25¢H®É(b¡þa)Ói°ò»Ä¶¡¤£¤Ó¦³¦ó®t²§¡A¤í¯Ê75¢H®É¡A(c¡þa)´N¥i¥H²M·¡¦a¬Ý¥XÓi°ò»Ä¶¡ªº®t²§«Ü¤j¡C¤]´N¬O»¡¡AÓi°ò»ÄªºÀç¾i¯S²§©Ê¤í¯Êµ{«×¤pªº®É­Ô¬O¤£©úÅ㪺¡A¦ý¤í¯Êµ{«×Åܤjªº¸Ü¡AÓi°ò»ÄªºÀç¾i¯S²§©Ê´N·|Åܱo©úÅã¡C

ªí¤» Weight gain, feed consumption and feed efficiency of chicks

fed diets equally deficient in a single amino acid (assay2)1

Amino acid held at 60¢H of RS

Gain

Feed consumption

Gain¡þFeed

All úl 60¢HRS

Methionine¡Ïcystine

Leucine

Lysine

Arginine

Histidine

Threonine

Valine

Isoleucine

Tryptophan

Phenylalanine¡Ïtyrosine

None úl RS

g¡þchick¡þday

8.60±0.562

9.89±0.46

9.72±0.67

9.54±0.51

9.27±0.19

8.24±0.41

7.89±0.44

7.41±0.28

6.12±0.55

5.94±0.16

5.73±0.44

13.16±0.23

g¡þchick

112.2

104.1

94.1

102.2

104.9

91.6

96.6

88.9

81.6

77.5

74.7

112.8

0.46

0.57

0.62

0.56

0.53

0.54

0.49

0.50

0.45

0.46

0.46

0.70

1. Two replicates of 10 male chicks¡þtreatment.

2. Mean±SE of mean.

¡@

ªí¤C Performance of chieks fed on diets deficient in single essential amino acids,

and metabolisable energy values of the diets (values are means of five birds for period 8 to 18 d old)

Deficient amino acid

Weight gain

(g)

Food consumption (g)

Weight gain

ME

(MJ¡þkg)

Food eaten

None

Lys

Leu

Phe¡ÏTyr

Met¡ÏCys

Trp

His

Val

Arg

Thr

Ile

Pooled SE

55.8

50.6

45.0

40.4

32.4*

31.2*

27.6*

16.0*

10.2*

6.0*

- 3.4*

3.9

142.6

132.0

117.8

112.6

122.6

100.8*

104.2

90.2*

76.4*

73.0*

55.8*

6.9

0.392

0.383

0.380

0.350

0.261

0.302

0.265

0.168*

0.121*

0.069*

- 0.082*

0.032

14.23

14.27

13.81

14.18

14.48

14.06

14.06

13.68

14.02

14.10

14.02

0.21

* Significantly different from that on the standard diet (P¡Õ0.01).

ªí¤K Comparison of the estimated response1 of chicks at

different levels of leucine isolcucine and valine intake

Amino acid content

Maximum2

(a)

0.75 of maximum (b)

0.25 of maximum (c)

Ratio

b¡þa

c¡þa

¡@

Body weight gain (g¡þd)

Leucine

Isolcucine

Valine

7.05±0.51

7.33±1.02

6.42±0.47

6.57±0.45

6.74±0.41

5.90±0.54

2.77±0.43

2.02±0.45

1.77±0.61

0.93

0.92

0.92

0.39

0.27

0.28

¡@

Gain¡Gfood ratio

Leucine

Isolcucine

Valine

0.473±0.031

0.462±0.031

0.486±0.024

0.420±0.037

0.430±0.028

0.450±0.029

0.202±0.034 2

0.136±0.023 b

0.158±0.034ab

0.94

0.92

0.93

0.43

0.29

0.33

Values are means±confidence intervals at 0.95.

Means not sharing a common superscript letter differ significantly between amino acids at P¡Õ0.05.

  1. The vitues were obtained by fitting quadratic regression equations on amino acid intake, all of which are given in Table 4, and thereby deriving estimates at specificd levels of the intake.
  2. Amino acid intakes which allow maximal responses of birds.
  3. Ói°ò»Ä«D±`¯Ê¥Fªº¨Ò¤l¡A¦bªí¤E¨ÏÓi°ò»Ä§¹¥þ¯Ê¥F¡A¤ñ¸û¨ä¼vÅT¡C³J®ò»Ä¥[¯ÖÓi»Äªº¯Ê¥F¼vÅT³Ì¤j¡A²ÕÓi»Äªº¼vÅT¬O³Ì¤pªº¡C¹³³o¼Ë¡A¨Ì¯Ê¥F¤§Ói°ò»ÄªººØÃþ¼vÅT¦³²§¡AÁÙ¦³³o¨Ç¼Æ­È©MÄá¨ú(§l¦¬)¶q¤§¶¡¦³«Ü¤jªº¬ÛÃöÃö«Y¡C

    ªí¤E Effect of single essential amino acid deprivation on body weight change,food

    intake and nitrogen and energy balances of chicks from 14 to 24 days of age

    under an ad libitum-feeding condition

Amino acid omitted

Body weight change (g)

Food intake (g)

Nitrogen Balance (g)

Energy balance (kJ)

None

His

Lys

Trp

Leu

Phe & Tyr

Thr

Val

Arg

Ile

Met & Cys

All

Pooled SEM

92.2

- 5.6

- 10.8

- 16.6

- 16.6

- 19.8

- 24.0

- 25.4

- 25.6

- 25.8

- 31.4

- 34.6

1.6

a*

b

c

d

d

de

ef

f

f

f

g

g

217.0

81.0

82.0

80.6

61.6

49.4

60.2

61.2

62.0

39.4

56.4

42.6

5.2

a

b

b

b

c

cde

c

c

c

e

cd

de

  1. 094

0.228

0.127

- 0.025

- 0.227

- 0.275

- 0.523

- 0.463

- 0.450

- 0.466

- 0.721

- 0.798

0.049

a

b

b

c

d

d

e

e

e

e

f

f

960

- 83

- 111

- 196

- 312

- 328

- 331

- 336

- 274

- 355

- 302

- 338

25

a

b

b

c

de

de

de

de

d

e

de

de

    N=5. *Values within a column having different superscripts are significantly different (P¡Õ0.05).

    ¬°¤F¨Ï¹}®ÆÄá¨ú¶q¬Û¦P¡Aµ¥¶q¦a¨Ñµ¹¡A¨Ñµ¹³æ¤@¥²¶·Ói°ò»Ä§¹¥þ¯Ê¥Fªº¹}®Æ¡AÁÙ¬O¥Ñ©ó¯Ê¥FÓi°ò»Ä¤§ºØÃþ¼vÅT¦³²§¡A¯Ê¥Fªº¶¶§Ç©M¦Û¥ÑÄá¨ú¶q¤j¬ù¬Û¦P¡C(ªí¤Q)¨Ì¾aµ¥¶q¨Ñµ¹¡A¦b¯à·½¶i¥X¡A®t²§´N®ø¥¢¡C¦Û¥ÑÄá¨ú®É©Mµ¥¶qÄá¨ú®ÉªºÅé­«Ãö«Y¡AÅé­«Åܤƪº44¢H¡A¥i¨Ì¹}®ÆÄá¨ú¶qªº®t¨Ó»¡©ú¡C´á¯À¶i¥Xªº29¢H¡A¥i¨Ì¹}®ÆÄá¨ú¶qªº®t¨Ó»¡©ú¡C¦]¦¹¥iª¾¹}®ÆÄá¨ú¶qªº®t¬OÓi°ò»ÄªºÀç¾i¯S²§©Êªº¤@­Ó­n¦]¡C

    ªí¤Q Effect of single essential amino acid deprivation on body weight change and

    nitrogen and energy balances of chicks from 14 to 24 days of age under an

    equalized-feeding condition.

Amino acid omitted

Body weight change (g)

Nitrogen balance (g)

Energy balance (kJ)

None

His

Lys

Trp

Phe & Tyr

Leu

Ile

Val

Thr

Arg

Met & Cys

All

Pooled SEM

  1. 4

- 8.0

-11.2

-11.6

-12.6

-14.2

-16.4

-17.0

-17.4

-20.6

-22.8

-24.2

1.3

a*

b

bc

bc

cd

cde

de

ef

ef

fg

g

g

0.547

0.173

0.023

0.093

-0.112

-0.209

-0.312

-0.385

-0.271

-0.439

-0.513

-0.546

0.045

a

b

c

bc

d

de

efg

fgh

ef

ghi

hi

i

- 143

- 114

- 97

- 134

- 132

- 202

- 96

- 135

- 112

- 126

- 110

- 85

23

    n=5. * Values within a column having different superscripts are significantly different (P¡Õ0.05).

    Ói°ò»Ä¦bÅ餺¤§®ñ¤Æ¤À¸Ñ²v¡A¤í¯Ê¼vÅT¤jªº³J®ò»Ä©M¤í¯Ê¼vÅT¤pªº²ÕÓi»Ä¡AÆ[¹î¦³¤°»ò¼Ëªº¤£¦P¡A¦b¹ï·Ó¹}®Æ¡A²ÕÓi»Ä¤À¸Ñ¬°¤G®ñ¤ÆºÒªº¤À¸Ñ²v¡AÅã¥Ü¥X¤ñ³J®ò»Ä§Cªº¼Æ­È¡C¦b¯Ê¥F²ÕÓi»Äªº¹}®Æ¸Ì²ÕÓi»Ä¤À¸Ñ¬°¤G®ñ¤ÆºÒªº¤À¸Ñ³Q§í¨îµÛ¡A¬Û¹ï¦a¡A¦b³J®ò»Ä¤í¯Êªº¹}®Æ¤¤¡AÅã¥Ü¥X¤ñ¹ï·Ó¹}®ÆÁÙ°ªªº¤ñ²v³Q¤À¸Ñ¹³³o¼Ë¡A¦b³J®ò»Ä¤í¯Ê®É¡A®ñ¤Æ¤À¸Ñ¦³Åܦ¨§ó°ªªº¶É¦V¡C¬Û¹ïªº²ÕÓi»Ä¦b¤í¯Ê®É·|§ó²£¥Í§í¨î®ñ¤Æ¤À¸Ñ¤§§@¥Î¡A¨Ï¤í¯Ê²ÕÓi»Äªº¼vÅT§ó¤p¡C¨º»ò³J¥Õ½èªº·s³¯¥NÁ´`Àô³t«×¬O¦p¦ó©O¡H

    Åé³J¥Õ½è·s³¯¥NÁ´`Àô©MÓi°ò»ÄÀç¾i

    ¹ï©ó®a¯b¡AÅé³J¥Õ½èªº¥Í²£¬Oªí¥ÜÅé³J¥Õ½èªº¿n»W¡C±q¥H«e´N¥H´áÄá¨ú¶q»P´á±Æªn¶q¤§®t¨Óµû¦ô¡CÅé³J¥Õ½è¿n»W¶q¬O¦X¦¨¶q´î¤À¸Ñ¶q¤§©w¸q¤U¡AÅé³J¥Õ½è·s³¯¥NÁ´`Àô´ú©w¤~¦³·N¸q¡Cµ¹²£§ZÂû¤À§OÁý­¹¤í¯Ê³J¥Õ½è©M¦³³J¥Õ½è¹}®Æ®É¡AÅã¥Ü¥X¦ñÀHµÛ®É¶¡ªº¼Wªø¡AÅé³J¥Õ½è¿n»W¶q¡AÅé³J¥Õ½è¦X¦¨¶q©MÅé³J¥Õ½è¤À¸Ñ¶qªºÅÜ°Ê¡CÅé³J¥Õ½è¦X¦¨¶q©M¤À¸Ñ¶q³£¬O¨Ì¹}®Æ³J¥Õ½è§t¶qªºÅܰʦӧïÅÜ¡A¥i¥H¤F¸Ñ¨ìÅé³J¥Õ½èªº¦X¦¨¶q¨äÅÜ°Ê´T«×¤ñ¸û¤j¡C

    ªí¤Q¤@¬Oµ¹²£§ZÂûÁý­¹¤í¯Ê³J®ò»Ä©ÎÂ÷Ói»Äªº¹}®Æ®Éªº³J¥Õ½è¦X¦¨¶q¡C¨Ì¤í¯Ê³J®ò»Ä¤§¹}®Æ©Î¬O¤í¯ÊÂ÷Ói»Ä¤§¹}®Æ¡AÅé³J¥Õ½è¦X¦¨¶q·|¦³·N¦a´î¤Ö¡C¨Ì²Õ´§O¨Ó¬Ý¡A¥i¥HÁA¸Ñ¨ì¥D­n§Z³Jªº¦X¦¨³¡¦ì¤l®cªº´î¤Ö³Ì¤j¡CÁ|¤@­Ó¤ñ¸û·¥ºÝªº¨Ò¤l¡Aµ¹¤©¦¨ªø¤¤ªºÂú(Âû)Áý­¹³J®ò»Ä¡A¯ÖÓi»Ä§¹¥þ¤í¯Êªº¹}®Æ¡A¦pªí¤Q¤G©Ò¥Ü¡A¥þ³¡¨­Å餺Åé³J¥Õ½è¦X¦¨²v¬O¹ï·Ó²Õ³Ì°ª¡A¨ä¦¸¬O¤í¯Ê²ÕÓi»Ä¹}®Æ¡A¦A¨ä¦¸¬O¤í¯Ê³J®ò»Ä¥[¯ÖÓi»Ä¹}®Æ³Ì§C¡C

    ªí11 Effect of methionine or lysine deficiency on protein synthesis and protein synthesis

    per unit RNA of whole body, liver, magnum and remainder oviduct in laying hens.

    Diet

    Expt 1

    Expt 2

    Control

    Methionine deficient

    SEM

    Control

    Lysine deficient

    SEM

    ¡@

    Protein synthesis (g¡þday)

    Whole-body

    Liver

    Magnum

    Remalnder oviduct

    44.3

    7.4

    4.0

    1.3

    32.8**

    5.6**

    2.5**

    0.5**

    3

    0.4

    0.3

    0.1

    44.5

    7.4

    4.1

    1.2

    30.0**

    4.3**

    0.8**

    0.3**

    0.9

    0.4

    0.2

    0.1

    ¡@

    Protein synthesis per unit RNA (g protein synthesis¡þday per g RNA)

    Liver

    Magnum

    Remainder oviduct

    11.3

    12.3

    7.2

    9.4 *

    10.1 NS

    2.5 **

    0.5

    0.9

    0.7

    11.4

    12.4

    6.2

    9.0*

    3.8**

    2.2**

    0.6

    0.6

    0.2

Number of birds used was 7 per treatment.

Significance level¡G**¡AP¡Õ0.01¡F*¡AP¡Õ0.05¡FNS¡Anot significant.

¡@

    ªí12 Fractional and absolute protein turnover rates in the whole body of chicks fed

    control, histidine-free (-His) or methionine plus cystine-free (-Met, Cys) diets.

Diet

Fractionaol protein rutnover rate

(¢H¡þday)

Absolute protein turnover

(¢H¡þday)

Synthesis

Degradation

Synthesis

Degradation

Control

-His

-Met, Cys *

Pooled SEM

22.68

16.81

14.80

0.68

a

b

b

18.04

17.78

18.07

1.11

7.26

3.51

2.44

0.24

a

b

c

  1. 77

3.68

2.98

0.26

a

b

b

n=6. * One missing value. a.b.c.¡FP¡Õ0.05.

¦Ü©ó³J¥Õ½è¤À¸Ñ²v¬O©Ò¦³ªº¹}®Æ³£¤j­P¬Û¦Pªº¡C¦]¦¹¡A¥i¤F¸Ñ¡A¥ÎÅé³J¥Õ½è¦X¦¨²v©M¤À¸Ñ²vªº®t©Òªí¥ÜªºÅé³J¥Õ½è¼W¥[²v¬O¡A¨ÌÅé³J¥Õ½è¦X¦¨²vªºÅܰʪºµ²ªG¡C

³J¥Õ½è·s³¯¥NÁ´`Àôªº´ú©w¬O½Þ§â³J¥Õ½è¯S©w¤Æ¡A¥i¥H½Õ¬d¥X¯S²§ªº³J¥Õ½è·s³¯¥NÁªº´`Àô¡C¨Ò¦pÂûµÊŦ§K¬Ì²y³J¥ÕªºIgG¦X¦¨¬O¦ûµÊŦ³J¥Õ½è¦X¦¨¶qªº27¢H¡A¥¦ªº¦X¦¨²v¬O700¢H¡þ¤é¡A¥i¥H¤F¸Ñ¨ì¬O¨ä¥LµÊŦ³J¥Õ½è¦X¦¨¶qªº15­¿¡C

±Ä¥ÎÓi°ò»ÄÀç¾i¯S²§©ÊªºÀç¾iµû»ùªk

¥Hªí¤Qªº¸ê®Æ¬°°ò·ÇÅã¥Ü¡A±Ä¥ÎÓi°ò»ÄÀç¾i¯S²§©Ê¥Hchemical scoreÀç¾i»ùµû»ùªk¤§µ²ªG¡C¦b¹Ïªº¾î¶b¤Wªí¥Ü¤í¯Ê¥²¶·ªºÓi°ò»Ä¡A¥HµL³J¥Õ½è¹}®ÆªºÀç¾i·í§@0¡A¼Ð·Ç¹}®ÆªºÀç¾i»ù·í§@100ªº®É­Ô¡AÅã¥Ü¤í¯Ê¦UºØÓi°ò»Ä¹}®ÆªºÀç¾i»ù¡C±×½u¤Wªº¦UÂIªí¥Ü§¹¥þ¨S¦³¥]§t¦U¶µÓi°ò»Äªº¹}®Æ¤§Àç¾i»ù¡A»P¥ª¶bªº¥æÂI¬OÅé­«ªºÅܤơCÓi°ò»Ä·U¥R¨¬¡AÀç»ù·U¬O¬Û¹ï¦a´£°ª¡A¹Ï¤¤ªº¦U­ÓÂI¬O¦U­ÓÓi°ò»Äªº­n¨D¶q¤ñ²v20¢H¡A40¢H¡A60¢H¡A80¢Hªº±¡§Î¡C¹}®Æ¤¤¦pªG¤í¯Ê2ºØ¥H¤WªºÓi°ò»Ä®É­pºâ¨ä¦UºØÓi°ò»Äªº¤í¯Êµ{«×¡A§â¥¦ªí¥Ü¦b¹Ï¤¤¡A¨ä¤¤³Ì§Cªº¨º­ÓÂIªí¥Ü¨ä¹}®ÆªºÀç¾i»ù¡A¨º­ÓÓi°ò»Ä´N¬O²Ä¤@­­¨îÓi°ò»Ä¡C¦b¹Ï¤¤§¹¥þ¤í¯ÊÂ÷Ói»Ä¹}®Æªº¬Û¹ïÀç¾i»ù¬O46¡A¬Û·í©ó¸É¥R¨¬³J®ò»Ä¥[¯ÖÓi»Ä­n¨D¶qªº43¢H¡AÁÙ¦³§¹¥þ¤í¯Ê²ÕÓi»Ä¡A¹}®Æ¤§¬Û¹ïÀç¾i»ù¬O57¡A¬Û·í©ó¸É¥R¨¬54¢H³JÓi»Ä¥[¯ÖÓi»Äªº­n¨D¶q¡C

¹ê»Ú¤W¬O«ç¼Ëªº±¡§Î©O¡H§Ú­Ì¹êÅç¦p¤U¡G

§¹¥þ¤í¯Ê²ÕÓi»Ä¡A¹}®Æ¸Ì±N³J®ò»Ä¥[¯ÖÓi»Ä¥[¨ì­n¨D¶q¬°¤îªº¦U­Óµ{«×¤À¬°¦U­Ó¬q¸¨Áý­¹¡A¨ì­n¨D¶qªº49.8¢H®ÉªuµÛ³J®ò»Ä¥[¯ÖÓi»Äªºµ{«×¦ÓÅÜ°Ê¡A¦A¤W¥h´N¬Û¦P¦Ó¤£ÅܤF¡C³J®ò»Ä¥[¯ÖÓi»Äªº²K¥[¶q¬O­n¨D¶qªº0¨ì44.7¢H®É¡A¬O©M³J®ò»Ä¥[¯ÖÓi»Äªº²K¥[µ{«×¤@°_ÅÜ°Ê¡A¦A¤W¥hªº¸Ü´NÅܱo¬Û¦P¤F¡C¹³³o¼Ë¦bChemical Score¸Ì±NÓi°ò»ÄÀç¾i¯S²§©Ê¥[¶i¥hªº·Qªk©M¹êÅçµ²ªG¬O¤@­Pªº¡C

ªí¤Q¤T¬O¤í¯Ê3ºØ¥H¤WÓi°ò»Ä®Éªº¹êÅç¡A¬Û¹ïÀç¾i»ù©M¹êÅ窺¼Æ­È¬O¤@­Pªº¡C

ªí13 Effect of varying levels of sulfur-containing amino acids (SAA) and threonine on

body weight change of chicks fed histidine-free diet

Diet

Amino acid level

(¢Hof reauirement)

Chemical score

Body weight change

(g¡þ10 days)

Nutritional

His

SAA

Thr

score by weight

body change

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Pooled

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

100

SEM

0

0

0

0

40

40

40

80

80

80

100

0

0

40

80

0

40

80

0

40

80

100

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

100

- 23.4

- 20.6

- 19.5

- 19.8

- 15.4

- 10.4

- 9.8

- 15.0

- 7.8

- 9.0

7.0

1.3

a

a

a*

a

b

c

c

b

c

c

d

(0)1

(9)

(13)

(12)

(26)

(43)

(44)

(28)

(51)

(47)

(100)

0

5

5

5

24

43

43

24

54

57

100

n=5. * One missing value. a,b,c,d,¡FP¡Õ0.05.

Values in the parenthesis represent percentage relative to the growth response achieved with control diet.

¡@

¥Ñ¥H¤W©Ò´£Ói°ò»ÄÀç¾i¯S²§©Êªº®×¨Ò§ó¯à©M¹ê»Ú¤W¾iÂûªº®×¨Ò¬Û°t¦Xªº¡C¦]¦¹¸Õ§@¤F¦b­n¨D¶q¤£¨¬©Î¹L³Ñ®É¡Aµá§Q®ú±Ð±Â(1981)¦bªí¤Q¥|ªº¤U¤èª`¸Ñ¸Ì´£­Ò¤@­Ó²Å¦X°Êª«¦¨ªøªº¤½¦¡¡C¨Ò¦p§â³o­Ó¤½¦¡®M¥Î¦bºë®ò»Äªº­n¨D¶q¤W¡C¥H«e©Ò°Q½×³£¬O°²©w¦¨ªø¦±½u¬°ª½½u¦Ó¨¥¡C

ªí14 Fitness of the regression using the four-parameter kinetic equation¡¦ to growth

responses of chicks obtained by verying the dietary levels of individual essential amino acids

Amino acid

Estimated parameters

Contribution rate2 (R2)

b

K

Rmax

n

Arg

His

Ile

Leu

Lys

Met¡ÏCys

Phe¡ÏTyr

Thr

Trp

Val

-26.20

- 4.05

-23.79

-12.96

-10.98

-32.94

-17.41

-24.33

-17.32

-25.49

53.26

66.28

65.59

56.88

48.82

36.57

63.48

58.03

37.81

76.10

103.92

103.76

103.82

105.44

103.64

104.03

105.57

104.46

115.03

109.40

4.740

4.467

5.733

3.502

3.852

2.321

5.211

5.467

1.846

4.630

0.951

0.958

0.961

0.970

0.964

0.977

0.936

0.985

0.920

0.970

1.The equation developed by Phillips (1981) was as follows¡G

wpe46.jpg (3478 bytes)

Where b, k, Rmax and n stand for Yintercept, X value required for a half maximal response, asymptotic maximal value and a nutritional constant related to the sigmoidicity of the curve, respectively.

2.All the R valuec were significant at P¡Õ0.001.

±Ä¥Î¤F³o­Ó¤½¦¡¤§«á¡A¥i¥H¤F¸Ñ¨ì¦¹ºØ¾A¦X©ó¹ê»Úªº(¼Æ­È)¸ê®Æ¡C¦bªí¤Q¥|¸Ì¥i¥H±o¨ìÃö©ó¦UºØÓi°ò»Ä©Ò±o¨ìªº¼Æ­È¡C¼Æ­È¸ê®Æ¬O±Ä¥Î¹ï±Ä§ZÂûªºÂúÂûÁý­¹Ói°ò»Ä²V¦Xªº¹}®Æ¨ì4¶g¤j¡C·|±Ä¥ÎÓi°ò»Ä²V¦X¦b¹}®Æ¤¤ªº(¼Æ­È)¸ê®Æ¡A¬O¦Ò¼{¨ì¤£­n§t¦³³J¥Õ½è®ø¤Æ²v¡BÓi°ò»Ä¦³®Ä²vµ¥ªº¦]¯À¡CBªº¼Æ­È¬O¨äÓi°ò»Ä§t¶q¬O0®Éªº¬Û¹ï¦¨ªø¶q¡AK¬O¹ï50¢Hªº¬Û¹ï¦¨ªø¶q¡A¥²­nªº¦UºØÓi°ò»Äªº¶q¡A±N¨ä¥H­n¨D¶qªº¦Ê¤À²v(¦Ê¤À¤ñ)¨Óªí¥Ü¡ARmax¬Oªí¥Ü³Ì¤jªº¬Û¹ï¦¨ªø¶q¡An¬Oªí¥Ü¦±½uªº¶É±×¨¤«×¡A¼Æ­È·U°ª¦±½uÅs¦±·U¤j¡CR2¬O°^Äm²v¡A·U±µªñ¡¨1¡¨¡A¦±½u©M¹ê»Úªº¼Æ­È·U¤@­P¡A°^Äm²v´N·|·U°ª¡C¦b³o­Ó¤½¦¡¡A¥i¥H½T©wªº¦¨ªø©M¥Î¦b§@¥X¥»¼Æ¦¡®É¨S¦³¥Î¨ìªº¼Æ­È¨Ó§@«H¿à¦¡¸ÕÅ窺µ²ªG¡A¨âªÌªº¦^Âk¬ÛÃö©Ê¤j¡CÅã¥Ü¥X¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó¥¿½T¦a¹w´ú¡A§Q¥Î¥»¤½¦¡¸Õ§@¦¨¦³Ãö¦UºØÓi°ò»Äªºµ¥°ª¹Ï¡C

¦bÁa¶b¥Î¦Ê¤À¤ñ¨Óªí¥Ü¬Û¹ï¦¨ªø¶q¡A¬A©·¤º¡A¤ñ·Ó¤é¥»¹}®Æ¼Ð·Ç¡A¦b¹}®Æ¤¤§t¦³ªºÓi°ò»Äªº¶q¥Î¦Ê¤À¤ñ¨Óªí¥Ü¡A¬Û¹ï¦a¡A¦UºØÓi°ò»Äªº¤ÏÀ³¥Î¹ê½u¨Óªí¥Ü¡CÂI½uªí¥ÜÓi°ò»ÄªºÀç¾i¯S²§©Ê¤p®ÉªºÓi°ò»Äªº¤ÏÀ³¡Cºë®ò»ÄªºÁý­¹¤ñ­n¨D¶q§C®É¡A·|¤ñ²ÕÓi»Ä°¾¥ª¡AÅã¥Ü¥Xºë®ò»ÄÅܦ¨­­¨îÓi°ò»ÄÁý­¹¤ñ­n¨D¶q°ªªº¸Ü¡A¥i¥H¤F¸Ñ¨ì²ÕÓi»Ä·|¤ñ¸û®e©öÅܦ¨­­¨îÓi°ò»Ä¡C·í³JÓi»Ä¥[¯ÖÓi»Ä¦b¤ñ¸û§Cµ{«×®É·|¤ñßm¤BÓi»Ä§ó¬O­­¨îÓi°ò»Ä¡C¦Ó¤ñ¸û°ªµ{«×®É¡Aßm¤BÓi»Ä·|¤ñ³J®ò»Ä¥[¯ÖÓi»Ä§ó¬OÅܦ¨­­¨îÓi°ò»Ä¡C¦p¦¹¡A½Õ¬d¤F¦UºØÓi°ò»Ä¡A±q¥ª°¼¨ì¥k°¼ªº¶¶¦ì´N¬O­­¨îÓi°ò»Äªº¶¶¦ì¡C

¤µ«á¹³³o¼Ëµ¥°ª½u¤£¨¬¹º¨ì4¶gÄÖ(4¶g¤j)¡A§ó±N¥¦©µ¦ù¨ì²£§Z´Á©Î¬O¦×Âû¡A¥i¥H±N¥Ø¼Ð´Â¦V¨Ï¥Î¹q¸£¼ÒÀÀ(computer simulation)ªº¤è¦¡¡C

¡@

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