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Stockstadµ¥¤ó(1949)©ó1948¦~±N·¥§C¿@«×ªº§Ü¥Í¯À¡A²V¦X¤J°Êª«¹}®Æ¡A³º·N¥~¦aµo²{¤F§Ü¥Í¯Àªº¥Íªø«P¶i©Ê¡CStockstadµ¥¤ó«ü¥X¡A¹}®Æ¤¤²K¥[Streptomyces aureofaciens°ö¾iµß²Ê»s«~¡A¹}ÁýÂû°¦®É¡A²£¥Í¥Íªø«P¶i®ÄªG¡C¸g¸ÕÅç³]p¤ÀªRS. aureofaciens°ö¾iµß´Ý¾lª«¦³ºû¥Í¯ÀB12ªº§t¶q¡Aµo²{³o¨Ç´Ý¾lª«ªº«P¶i³t²v³ºµMÀu©ó²K¥[µ²´¹«¬ºû¥Í¯ÀB12©Î¨xŦµÑ¨úª«¡C
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(¤@)¤D¥d¤Úºëªº¤Æ¾Ç¯S©Ê
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¤D¥d¤Úºë¥H0.0125¢H¥H¤W¤§¾¯¶q§ëÃÄ11¶g¡A³y¦¨¤pÂûµo¥ÍY¤zÅܤơC¯gª¬¥]¬A¡Gµê¥F¡B¹B°Ê¥¢½Õ¡BµjÅ˩ʦ@ÀÙ¥¢½Õ¤Î½ò°ªÃߦ¡¨B¥N¡CÀHµÛ§ëÃĶq¼W¥[¡A¼W«³vº¥°§C¡C³¡¤À·l¥¢«ùÄòµo¥Í¡C¼ÉÅS©ó°ª¾¯¶q(0.050¢H»P0.10¢H)3¶g¥H«á¡A°Êª«¹ï¸ÓÃĪ«²£¥Í¬YºØµ{«×ªº@¨ü©Ê¡C
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¦b²Õ´¾Ç¤W¡A¨x²ÓM©MµÇ¤pºÞ¤W¥Ö²Õ´°h¤Æ¡C¥þ¨¤§²O¤Ú²Õ´³£°_¤FÅܤơAªÍ²Õ´¤º¦³µw¤Æ¤§µ²¸`¡C
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1 0 11 ¡@ 30 58 7.7 |
1 0 14 ¡@ 28 57 8.4 |
0 0 12 ¡@ 24 64 7.4 |
0 0 15 ¡@ 30 55 7.8 |
0 1 12 ¡@ 36 53 7.5 |
1 0 14 ¡@ 38 47 8.0 |
0 1 11 ¡@ 38 54 7.8 |
0 0 14 ¡@ 30 56 8.0 |
1 1 14 ¡@ 34 50 7.6 |
0 1 14 ¡@ 28 57 7.8 |
0 1 10 ¡@ 31 58 8.0 |
1 0 21 ¡@ 30 48 7.8 |
P. M. Newberne and W. B. Buck. |
¡@
ªí¤G ¬° ´Á 11 ¶g ¤D ¥d ¤Ú ºë ¹ï ¦å ²G ¤§ ¹ê Åç (¶g ¼Æ) | ||||||||||||
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1 0 12 ¡@ 29 58 8.1 |
1 0 14 ¡@ 26 59 9.3 |
0 0 13 ¡@ 25 62 7.2 |
0 0 15 ¡@ 28 57 7.7 |
1 0 12 ¡@ 41 46 4.6 |
0 0 14 ¡@ 38 48 8.2 |
0 0 7 ¡@ 30 62 8.1 |
0 0 14 ¡@ 24 62 8.0 |
1 0 12 ¡@ 30 57 8.1 |
1 0 14 ¡@ 23 62 7.6 |
0 0 14 ¡@ 27 58 7.6 |
1 0 23 ¡@ 31 45 8.8 |
7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | ||||||||
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0 0 27 ¡@ 26 46 8.5 |
0 0 8 ¡@ 34 57 7.7 |
0 0 26 ¡@ 15 59 8.4 |
0 0 8 ¡@ 34 57 7.4 |
0 0 17 ¡@ 21 62 8.5 |
1 0 8 ¡@ 35 56 7.8 |
2 0 21 ¡@ 35 42 8.0 |
1 0 7 ¡@ 33 59 8.0 |
0 0 13 ¡@ 46 41 7.4 |
||
P. M. Newberne and W. B. Buck. |
¦b³o¨Ç¸ê®Æ¤U¡A¤D¥d¤Úºë¤§±ÀÂ˥ζq0.0125¢H¤£·|«P¶i¥Íªø¡A¤]¤£·|§í¨î¥Íªø¡CY¶W¹L¦¹¤@¾¯¶q¡A·|²£¥Í¤@¨Çª½±µ®ÄÀ³¡A¥§¡¼W«´î¤ÖÅã¥ÜªA¥Î0.025¢H©Î§ó°ª¤§¾¯¶q¤Þµo¤¤¬r¤ÏÀ³¡A³o¨Ç¼Æ¾Ú·t¥ÜµÛ¸ÓÃĪ«ªº¦w¥þ¬É¤ñ¸û¤p¡C¥H¶W¹L¦w¥þ½d³ò¤§¾¯¶q«ùÄò§ëÃĪø¹F¼Æ¶g·|±`¨Ó¤£§Q¤§¤ÏÀ³¡A¦P®É²Õ´¥X²{¯f²z¤WªºÅܤơCªA¥Î°ª¾¯¶qÃĪ«¹F7¡ã14¤Ñ±N·|³y¦¨P¦º©Ê¶Ë®`¡C¦b§ëÃÄ3¡ã4¶g¥H«á¡A¤pÂûªº¯gª¬©M¦º¤`²v´î¤Ö¡AÅãµM¬O³o¨Ç¤pÂû¯à@¨ü°ª¾¯¶qªºÃĪ«©Ò³y¦¨ªº¤@¨Ç¼vÅT¡C
¾ÉP¶Ý¤¤©Ê²yp¼Æ´î¤Öªº¤ÏÀ³¾÷¨î¤£©ú¡A¥i¯à»P¤zÂZÀç¾i¤Àªº§l¦¬©M§Q¥Î¦³Ãö¡CGoff et al. (1953)µo²{¯Ê¥F®Ö¶À¯À·|³y¦¨Âû°¦¶Ý¤¤©Ê²y¼Æ¥Ø¼W¥[¡CLance and Hogan (1948)ÃÒ©ú¸»Ä¤£¨¬¤§¥®¸Vªº¶Ý¤¤©Ê²y´î¤Ö¡A¨ä¥¦ªº¥Õ¦å²y¤]¸òµÛ´î¤Ö¡CMoore (1952)¤ÎKracke (1938)¦C¥X·|¤Þµo÷¨Å°Êª«»P¤HÃþ¤§¶Ý¤¤©Ê¥Õ¦å²y´î¤Ö¯gªºY¤z¤Æ¾Ç¾¯¡C¨ä¤¤¥]¬A®ò°ò¤ñªL(aminopyrine)¡Bªü´µ¤Z¯Ç©ú(arsphenamine)¡B¤Gµv°ò×ô(dinitrophenol)©MÁDÓi¾¯l¥Íª«¡C¤D¥d¤Úºë¤Æ¦Xª«¤§¤@(NDC)¦b²z½×¤W¥i¯à²£¥Íªº¥NÁ²£ª«¬O¹ï¡Ðµv°òfÓi(p-nitroaniline)¡A¤wª¾³oºØ¤Æ¦Xª«ªº¬r©Ê¬Û·í°ª¡C
¨xŦ©MµÇŦ·l®`¦ü¥G¬O¨Ì§Çµo¥Í¡Cº¥ý¡A¨x¤ºªº¯×ªÕÅÜ©Ê¡C±µµÛ²ÓM°h¤Æ¡B²ÓM®Ö½o±K¤Æ¥H¤ÎMÅé¼ßÅܦ¨ºôª¬¡CµM«á¬OµÇŦ¥R¦å»PµÇ¤pºÞ¤W¥Ö²Õ´°h¤Æ¡C³o¨ÇÅܤƨ¬¥H¶Ë®`¬ÛÃöŦ¾¹ªº¾÷¯à¡A¶i¦ÓÁYµu¥NÁ¹Lµ{¡C
¯S©w¤§²O¤Ú¼Ë²Õ´¼W´Þ©Î³\¥i¥H¸ÑÄÀ¦¨°Êª«¹ï§C¾¯¶q¬r©Ê¤Þµo¤§ºò¢²£¥Í©è§Ü¤ÏÀ³ªºµ²ªG¡C¤pÂû²O¤Ú¦¨§Î¤£¥þ·t¥ÜµÛ¦b¹L¶q¤§ÃĪ«¬r©Ê©ÎÀç¾i¨ü·lªº¼vÅT¤§¤U¡A¨Å骺¨¾¿m¾÷¨îµLªkµo´§§@¥Î¡CSeyle (1950)±´°Q¥H¹êÅç¤ÞµoY¤z¤£§Q¤§¥Í²z±ø¥ó¨Ï°Êª«µo¥Í²O¤Ú°h¤Æ¡CGarren and Barber (1955)µo²{¤H¬°·P¬VSalmonella gallinarumªº¤pÂû¥X²{ªk¤óÅn°I°h¯gª¬¡CµÊŦµo¥Í¥ÕÅè¼W¥[©M°¨¤óÅéµäÁY¤§ÅܤơAÃþ¦ü©óºC©Ê¯e¯f¤Î¬Y¨Ç¯f¬r©Ê·P¬V±`¨£¤§¯gª¬¡C
(¤T)¤D¥d¤Úºë¹ï¼öºò¢ªº¼vÅT
¤D¥d¤Úºë¹ïÂû°¦ªº¨x¡BªÍ¡BµÇ¡BµÊ¡Bªk¤óÅn¡B¶Ý¤¤©Ê²y´î¤Ö©M¦å¤pªO¼W¦hµ¥¼vÅT¡C¨Ï±oÂû°¦°§C¹ï¼öºò¢ªº@¨ü¤O«D±`©úÅã¡A·í®ð·Å¦b30¢J®É´N¦³¼öºò¢ªº²{¶H¦p©I§l¥[³t¡B«æļ¤£¦wµ¥¡C¦b¦¹¥H¤T½g¤£¦P¸ÕÅç¹ï·Å«×»P¤D¥d¤ÚºëÃö«Y¸ÕÅçµ²ªG¨Ó¬Ý¤D¥d¤Úºë¹ï¼öºò¢ªº¼vÅT¥Dnµo¥Í¦b30¢J¥H¤W¬O«Ü©úÅã¡C
A.¸ÕÅç¤@¥ÑP. H. Sammelwitz³ø§i¥H¹}®Æ²K¥[0¡A5¡A30¡A621/2¡A100¡A125¡A250©M500ppmªº¤D¥d¤Úºë¡A·í®ð·Å39¡ã40¢J®É6¤p®É¤º¦º¤`²v¤À§O¬°17¢H¡A23¢H¡A42¢H¡A60¢H¡A64¢H¡A77¢H¡A75¢H¡A34¢H¡C¨ä¤¤·í500ppm®É±Ä¹¶q´î¤Ö¡A¦º¤`²v¤]°§C¡C
B.¸ÕÅç¤G¥ÑL. R. McDOUGALD©MT. E. MCQUISTION³ø§i¦b¬ü°ê³ìªv¨È¦{¸ÕÅçµ²ªG±oª¾¡C¥¼¥[ÃÄ¡ANicarbazin 125ppm¡Amonensin 100ppm¡ALasalocid 100ppm¡AArprinocid 60ppm¦b7¡B8¤ë¶¡¥¿±`¹}¾i¤U¼öºò¢¦º¤`¤À§O¬O2¢H¡A33¢H¡A2¢H¡A3¢H¡A5¢H¡A¬ÛÃö¼Æ¾Ú¦pªí3¡C
TABLE 3. Relationship of anticoccidial drug to mortality during beat stress (IIS) in broiler chickens | |||||
Treatment1 | Replicate(¤½¥À¦U40°¦) | Death losses | |||
IIS¡þtotal | Male | Female | IIS¡þtotal | ||
Unmedicated | 1 2 3 4 Total |
3¡þ5 2¡þ6 1¡þ6 1¡þ3 7¡þ20 |
NT2 NT NT NT ¡@ |
NT NT NT NT ¡@ |
(¢H) ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ 2¡þ6 |
Nicarbazin (125ppm) |
1 2 3 4 Total |
34¡þ39 32¡þ32 15¡þ18 24¡þ25 105¡þ114 |
24 16 13 15 68 |
15 16 5 10 46 |
¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ 33¡þ36 |
Monensin (100ppm) |
1 2 3 4 Total |
3¡þ8 0¡þ3 0¡þ2 3¡þ5 6¡þ18 |
NT NT NT NT ¡@ |
NT NT NT NT ¡@ |
¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ 2¡þ6 |
Lasalocid (100ppm) |
1 2 3 4 Total |
1¡þ4 2¡þ8 2¡þ2 3¡þ6 8¡þ20 |
NT NT NT NT ¡@ |
NT NT NT NT ¡@ |
¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ 3¡þ6 |
Arprinocid (60ppm) |
1 2 3 4 Total |
5¡þ10 9¡þ17 0¡þ2 2¡þ3 16¡þ32 |
NT NT NT NT ¡@ |
NT NT NT NT ¡@ |
¡@ ¡@ ¡@ ¡@ 5¡þ10 |
1 Each trehtment consisted of 4 pens of 80 birds
each (40¡þscx)¡Awith replicates assigned to pens cvenly through the house. 2 NT¡×Not tabulated. (L. R. McDOUGALD. T. E. MCQUISTION) |
C.¸ÕÅç¤T¥ÑK. Keshavarz©ML. R. McDOUGALD³ø§i¡A¥H¥¼§ëÃIJÕSalinomycin 60ppm¡Amonensin 100ppm¡AArprinocid 60ppm¡AHalofuginone 3ppm¡AAmprolium¡þethopabate 125¡þ4ppm¡Anicarbazin 125ppm©Mclopidol 125ppm¡A¦U²Õ¥H6«½Æ¡A¨C1«½Æ60°¦¶¯©Ê¦×Âû¡A¦b¬ü°ê³ìªv¨È¬w¶i¦æ7¤ë¨ì8¤ë¥÷¼öºò¢¸ÕÅç¡Aµ²ªG¼öºò¢¦º¤`²v¤À§O¬O13.3¢H¡A8¢H¡A9.1¢H¡A11.9¢H¡A17.2¢H¡A11.1¢H¡A59.2¢H¡A18.6¢H¡A¦Ó¦b¤£¦P·Å«×¹}¾i¤U¤ÏÀ³¦p¤U¡G
¼öºò¢ÁöµM¬O©M·Å«×¦³±K¤ÁÃö«Y¡A¦ý¬O¹ïÂû°¦¹}¾i±K«×¡B³q·³]³Æ¦nÃa¡B«Ø¿v§÷®Æ¡B¥|©PÀô¹Ò©M·í¦aªÅ®ðÀã«×³£¦³±K¤ÁÃö«Y¡C·í®ð·Å¦b30¢J¥H¤W®É¡A¨Ï¥Î¤D¥d¤Úºën¦h¥[ª`·N¹}¾iºÞ²zªº°t¦X§ïµ½¡A¥H¨¾¬ðµM¼öºò¢ªº·l¥¢¡C
ÁöµM¦bÂû³õ¥Î¤D¥d¤Úºë®É¡A«Ü¥¶¶¨S¦³¦º¡A¦ý¦b¥X°â®É¦]¬°®»Âû¶iÂûÅ¢©Î¹B·h¨ì¥d¨®¤W¤Îªø³~½ü°eµo¥ÍÄY«¼öºò¢·l¥¢ªº±¡ªp¡A³o¤]¬O§ÚÌnª`·N¡C
(¥|)¤D¥d¤Úºëªº¥Íª«¯S©Ê
(1)¤D¥d¤Úºë¬O¥Ñ¨âӤƦXª«ºc¦¨¤§¿W¯Sªº¤Æ¾Ç½Æ¦XÅé¡A¨ä¤¤¤§¤@ªº§Ü²yÂά¡©Ê¬Û·í§C¡A¥t¤@ºØ¨S¦³§Ü²yÂΧ@¥Î¡C¸Ó¤Æ¾Ç½Æ¦XÅ骺§Ü²yÅé®Ä¯à¦Ü¤Ö¬O¬¡©Ê¦¨¤Àªº10¿¡C
(2)¼sªxªº¹êÅç«Ç¡B¥¹}»P¥Ð¶¡¸ÕÅçÃÒ¹ê¤D¥d¤Úºë¥H0.0125¢H¤§±ÀÂ˥ζq²K¥[©ó¹}®Æ¹}Áý¥ÍªøÂû¨Ó¹w¨¾Âίg®É¡A¬O¤@ºØ«D±`¦³®Äªº§Ü²yÂξ¯¡C¦b¨ü¨ì²yÂηP¬V«e±Ä¹¤D¥d¤Úºë¤§Âû¸s¨S¦³¯fºA¡B¦å«K¶q·¥¤Ö©ÎªÌ¨S¦³¡B¬¡Åé¼W«¤Î§Q¥Î¹}®Æ®Ä²v«Ü²z·Q¡CÁöµM¤D¥d¤Úºë¯à¦³®Ä°§C¯f²zÅܪºÄY«©Ê»P§í¨î§ZÅnªº¥Í¦¨¡A¦ý¨ü¨ì²yÂηP¬VªºÂû°¦¹ï²yÂΤ§¤G«×«Iŧ¯à²£¥Í°ª«×ªº§K¬Ì¤O¡C
TABLE 4. Heat stress and total mortality of replicates of various regimens1 | |||||
Treatment | Replicate(60°¦¤½) | Mortality HS2¡þtotal | Treatment | Replicate | Mortality HS2¡þtotal |
1.Unmedicated | 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total |
6¡þ26(¢H) 7¡þ22 5¡þ37 2¡þ21 8¡þ30 20¡þ38 48¡þ174 13.3¡þ48.3 |
5.Halofuginone 3ppm |
1 2 3 4 5 6 Total |
14¡þ15(¢H) 6¡þ6 2¡þ6 16¡þ20 13¡þ20 11¡þ36 62¡þ103 17.2¡þ28.6 |
2.Salinomycin 60ppm |
1 2 3 4 5 6 Total |
2¡þ2 6¡þ7 2¡þ6 4¡þ6 3¡þ4 12¡þ15 29¡þ40 8¡þ11.1 |
6.Amprolium ¡þethopabate 125¡þ4ppm |
1 2 3 4 5 6 Total |
7¡þ8 9¡þ10 2¡þ2 4¡þ6 15¡þ16 3¡þ4 40¡þ46 11.1¡þ12.7 |
3.Monensin 100ppm |
1 2 3 4 5 6 Total |
3¡þ4 3¡þ4 2¡þ3 3¡þ7 8¡þ11 14¡þ15 33¡þ44 9.1¡þ12.2 |
7.Nicarbazin 125ppm |
1 2 3 4 5 6 Total |
32¡þ34 30¡þ30 21¡þ21 31¡þ32 41¡þ41 58¡þ58 213¡þ216 59.2¡þ60 |
4.Arprinocid 60ppm |
1 2 3 4 5 6 Total |
13¡þ15 3¡þ7 2¡þ5 10¡þ12 2¡þ13 13¡þ14 43¡þ65 11.9¡þ18 |
8.Clopidol 125ppm |
1 2 3 4 5 6 Tptal |
9¡þ9 5¡þ6 1¡þ1 13¡þ13 16¡þ17 23¡þ23 67¡þ69 18.6¡þ19.1 |
1 Each trehtment consisted of 4 pens of
80 birds each (40¡þscx)¡Awith replicates assigned to pens cvenly through the house. 2 NT¡×Not tabulated. (L. R. McDOUGALD. T. E. MCQUISTION) |
¡@
ªí¤ Performance of broilers fed undedicated or nicarbazin medicated diets at two environmental temperatures | ||||||
Treatments | Body weight gain (g/chick) | Feed consumption (g¡þbird) | Feed conversion (W¡þW) | |||
Days | ||||||
28 to 35 | 35 to 42 | 42 to 51 | 28 to 51 | |||
21.1C ¡@Unmedicated ¡@Nicarbazin 32.2C Unmedicated Nicarbazin |
¡@ 361a 356a ¡@ 328b 320b |
¡@ 419a 408a ¡@ 282b 240b |
¡@ 472a 456a ¡@ 280b 232b |
¡@ 1252a 1220a ¡@ 890b 782b |
¡@ 2823a 2771a ¡@ 2191b 2113b |
¡@ 2.26c 2.27c ¡@ 2.49b 2.69a |
1 Corrected for mortality. (K. Keshauarz, L. R. McDOUGALD) |
¡@
ªí6 Body weight gain of broilers fed unmedicated or nicarbazin medicated diets at two environmental temperatures | |||
Treatments |
No. of birds at start | Survivors after l week | Weight gain (survivors)(g¡þbird¡þweek) |
Room temperature, 26.7C Unmedicated Nicarbazin, 125ppm Room temperature, 37.8C Uemedicated Nicarbazin |
¡@ 16 16 ¡@ 16 16 |
¡@ 16 15 ¡@ 13 8 |
¡@ ¡Ï362 ¡Ï293 ¡@ ¡Ï46 ¡Ð86 |
(K. Keshavarz, L. R. McDOUGALD) |
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