¸V¯b¶t»Ý­n´ú©w«ü¼Ð¤§±´°Q

¡@

ºK ­n

¶t¦b¸V¯b¥Íªø¤Î¥Í²£¤W¬°Äqª«½è¤¤¦û³Ì­«­n¦a¦ì¡A¶t¦b¸V¯b¥Íªø¤è­±¡A¶t¤§»Ý­n¥]¬AÅé¼W­«¤Î°©Àf¤§µo¨|¡A¨ä´ú©w«ü¼Ð¥i¥Ñ¤U¦C©Êª¬±´°Q¤§¡C

(1)¥Íªø©Êª¬¡G

Twinging (1965)¬ã¨s«ü¥X¹}³¤¤¶t¶q¹ï©ó¼W­«¤§¼vÅT¦b¾ã­Ó¥Íªø¶¥¬q(0¡ã8¶gÄÖ)§¡·¥¬°ÅãµÛ¤§¦±½u°jÂk¬ÛÃö«Y¡A¤×¨ä¦b¥Íªø§Ö³t¤§Âû°¦¥i¬°´ú©w¤§«ü¼Ð(®}¡A1990)¡A¹}®Æ§Q¥Î®Ä²v¨O±Ä­¹¶q¤§¼vÅT¡A¬G°µ¬°¶t»Ý­n¶q¤§«ü¼Ð¸û¼W­«¤£±Ó¾U¡C

(2)¦å²G©Êª¬¡G

Gardiner (1972)«ü¥X¤é³¤¤ÁC©T©w®É¡A¶t§t¶q´£°ª®É«h¦å¶t§t¶qÀH¤§´£°ª¡A¦ý·íÁC§t¶qÅܰʮɫh¦å¶t¨ü¨ä¼vÅT¦Ó§e­t¬ÛÃöÅܤơA¦å¼ß¤¤µL¾÷ÁC§t¶q«h¨üÁC§t¶q¤§¼vÅT¦Ó¤£¨ü¶t§t¶q¤§¼vÅT¡CBoyd (1983)¥H¦å²M¤¤ÆP©ÊÁC»ÄúA¬¡©ÊÅܤơA§@¬°´ú©w½Þ°¦ÁC§Q¥Î®Ä²v¤§µ²ªG»P°©Àf¤§¾÷±ñ©Ê¦³·¥°ª¬ÛÃö¡A¦ý»PÃC(1988)¡ACarew (1980)µ¥µ²ªG¤£¤@­P¡A¦ÓHausseler (1970)´£¥XVitD3¨ë¿EÂû°¦¸z¹DÆP©ÊÁC»ÄúA¤§¬¡©Ê¡A·í¸z¹D¶t§l¦¬¤É°ª®É«hÆP©ÊÁC»ÄúA¬¡©Ê¬Û¹ï´£°ª¡ANorris (1972)¥H¦¨¼ô¨Ó¦ë¤½Âû¸ÕÅçµo²{¦å¼ß¤¤ÆP©ÊÁC»ÄúA¬¡©ÊÅܤƻP¶t§t¶qªí²{¤£¤@­P¡A¬G©|«Ý¶i¤@¨B±´°Q¡C

(3)°©Àf©Êª¬¡G

·í¤é³¶t§t¶q¼W¥[«h°©Àf¦Ç¤ÀÀH¤§¼W¥[¡A¨Ã¨ü¶t¡BÁC¶q¤Î¤ñ¨Ò¤§¼vÅT¡AStevens (1984)«ü¥X¤À¤¤¶t§t¶qÀH¤é³¤¤¶t§t¶q¼W¥[¦Ó¼W¥[¡A¦ý¥¼¨ü¤é³ÁC§t¶q©Ò¼vÅT¡C¥tRuff (1984)¥ç«ü¥X¤é³¤¤¶t¡AÁC§t¶q´£°ª®É¦³¼W¥[°©Àf±j«×ªºÁͶաC¬G°©Àf¦Ç¤À¤Î±j«×¦ü¥G¥i§@¬°¶t»Ý­n¶q¤§´ú©w«ü¼Ð¡C

ªí¤@ °ª¶t¤é³¹ï©óª½¼ß©M¸z¹DÄqª«½è§t¶q©MÆP¬¡©Ê¤§¼vÅT

¡@

Dietary Ca (¢H)

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Plasma (day 10)

Ca (mg¡A¢H)

P (mg¡A¢H)

Zn (£gg¡þml)

Duodenal mucosn

Ca (£gg¡þmg protein)

Day 5 (pooled)

Day 10

Ap day 10 (mmol P¡þmin¡þg protein)

9.64±0.19

6.85±0.16

2.05±0.11

¡@

¡Ð

1.69±0.11

1.78±0.21

10.10±0.14

6.19±0.33

2.07±0.13

¡@

1.84

1.97±0.14

1.55±0.07

11.50±0.48**

5.06±0.16***

2.24±0.04

¡@

2.09

1.43±0.16

1.82±0.22

13.00±0.43***

4.38±0.24***

1.89±0.20

1.66

3.25±0.33***

2.69±0.28*

* P¡Õ0.02) (Mccuaig,1973)

** P¡Õ0.005)Significance of difference from 10¢H Ca treatment

*** P¡Õ0.001)

Mean±S.E.M. for 8 determinations.

¡@

¤@¡B«e ¨¥

¶t»Ý­n¶q¹ï©ó¸V¯b¥Íªø¤Î°©Àfµo¨|¬Æ¬°­«­n¡A¤×¨ä¼vÅT¶t¤§§l¦¬¤Î½Õ¸`¦]¤l¬Û·í½ÆÂø¡A®Ú¾Ú®L(1990¦~)«ü¥X¼vÅT¶t»Ý­n¤§¦]¯À¦³1.Åé­«2.Äá­¹¶q3.¶t·½4.ºû¥Í¯ÀD¡BÁC©M¶t5.ªc¨Åª¬ªp6.¯×ªÕ»ÄºØÃþ©Î§t¶q7.¸z¹D¹L»Ä®É¾É­P¶t§l¦¬¯à¶qªº´î°h8.¯à¶q¹ï¶t¤§¼vÅT9.³J¥Õ½èºØÃþ©M§t¶q10.¾N§t¶q11.»É§t¶q12.¨ä¥Lª«½è¹ï¶t¤§¼vÅT(¨Ò¦p¤þ»Ä¶t¡B°Êª«©Ê­ì®Æ«~½èµ¥)¡C

Twining (1965)µo²{¬ü°êN.R.C¹}¾i¼Ð·Ç¶t»Ý­n¶q±`¤ñ²z·Q¼W­«¬°°ª¡A¦ýSteven (1985)µ¥¦h¦ì¾ÇªÌµo²{§Ö³t¥Íªø¤§¸V¯b¡A¦bªñ¦~¨Ó¦]¨|ºØ¤Î¹}¾iºÞ²z§ï¶i±`µo¥Í»L³¡¯e¯f¡A¨Ã´Á±æµo®i¤£¦P¶t»Ý­n¤§´ú©w«ü¼Ð¡A¥H¶i¦æ¹ï¸V¯b¥Íªø¤Î¥Í²£¡B°©Àfµo¨|°µ¤@¥¿½T©Êµû¦ô¡C

¤G¡B¶t»Ý­n¤§´ú©w«ü¼Ð

ªí¤G ¸z¹DÂH½¤ÆP©Ê¡BÁC»Ä¬¡©Ê»P¶t¡BÁC¡B¾N¤§¬ÛÃö

¡@

Dictary Ca (¢H)

Rvalue

Significance

Mucosal Ca

¡@

¡@

¡@

Plasma Ca

¡@

¡@

¡@

Plasma P1

¡@

¡@

¡@

Plasma (Ca¡ÐP1)

¡@

¡@

¡@

Plasma Zn

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Overall

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Overall

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Overall

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Overall

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Overall

0.345

0.026

0.610

0.652

0.678

0.352

0.509

0.841

0.251

0.621

0.382

0.126

0.226

0.357

¡Ð0.301

¡Ð0.009

0.302

0.919

0.418

0.580

0.026

¡Ð0.293

¡Ð0.644

0.392

0.337

ns

ns

P¡Õ0.1

P¡Õ0.05

P¡Õ0.001

ns

ns

P¡Õ0.01

ns

P¡Õ0.001

ns

ns

ns

ns

ns

ns

ns

P¡Õ0.001

ns

P¡Õ0.001

ns

ns

P¡Õ0.05

ns

P¡Õ0.05

(Mccuaig,1973)

  1. ¼W­«(Åé­«)¡C
  2. ¹}®Æ§Q¥Î®Ä²v(Feed¡þGain)¡C
  3. ¦å¶t¡Ð§Q¥Î­ì¤l§l¦¬¥úÃлö(A.A.)´ú©w¡C
  4. ¦åÁC¡Ð¥H¦å¤¤µL¾÷ÁC¥Nªí¡C
  5. ¦å¤¤ÆP©ÊÁC»ÄúA¬¡©Ê¡C
  6. °©Àf(ªø«×)¦Ç¤À§t¶q¡A¦Ê¤À¤ñ¡C
  7. ¦Ç¤À¤¤¶t¡BÁC¦Ê¤À¤ñ¡C
  8. °©Àf¾÷±ñ©Êª¬¡Ð³Ì¤j¯}µõ±j«×(À³¥Î§ÜÅs¦±´ú©w»ö)¡C

¦å²MÆP©ÊÁC»ÄúA(ALPase)¡A¥i¯à¥]¬A¨Ó¦Û¤£¦P²Õ´¾¹©x¤§¦P©ÊúA¡A¤@¯ë§t¦³¤T¡B¥|ºØ¤§¦h¡AVanlinietse et al, (1984)¥H¥Õ¦â¨Ó¦ë¤½Âû¬ã¨sºû¥Í¯ÀD3¹ï¸z¹D¤Î¦å²M¤¤ALPase¬¡©Ê¤§¼vÅT«ü¥X¹}³¤¤Vit D3¯à¨ë¿EÂû°¦¸z¹D¤§ALPase¬¡©Ê¡A¨Ã¥B¦b¸z¹D¤¤©M¦b¦å²M¤¤ALPase¬¡©Ê¦³±K¤ÁÃö«Y¡A¦b®a¸V¤¤¸z¹D¤§ALPase¨Ã¥B¦b¸z¹D¤¤©M¦b¦å²M¤¤ALPase¬¡©Ê¦³±K¤ÁÃö«Y¡A¦b®a¸V¤¤¸z¹D¤§ALPase¬¡©Ê»P¦å²M¤§¶tµ²¦X³J¥Õ(CaBP)¦³ÅãµÛªº¥¿¬ÛÃö¡C

Haussler (1970)¥çµo²{Âû°¦¸z¹DALPase¬¡©Ê»P³y°©¬¡©Ê¡B¦å²M¤¤CaBP¤ÎAT-Pase§e¥¿¬ÛÃö¡A§@ªÌ¥H¤fªACa45¤è¦¡©óÂû°¦¡Aµo²{¸z¹D¤¤ALPase¬¡©ÊÀHµÛ¸z¹D¤¤Ca45§t¶qªº¼W¥[¦Ó¼W¥[¡A¦ÓBayd (1983)¥H¦å²MALPase¬¡©ÊÅܤƧ@¬°´ú©w½Þ°¦ÁC§Q¥Î®Ä²v¤§µ²ªG»P°©Àf¤§¾÷±ñ©Êª¬¦³·¥°ª¤§¬ÛÃö©Ê(¡Ð0.999)¡C

Mccuaig (1973)¥H¦×ÂûÁý¤©¤£¦P¶t§t¶q¡AÁ`ÁC§t0.7¢H¤é³¡A´ú¨ä¦å²G©Êª¬¤Î¸z¹D¶t¤ÎALPase¡A¦b¦å²G©Êª¬¤è­±¡A¦å¶t¦b¤é³¶t§t¶q2.0¢H«hÅãµÛ¼W¥[¡A¦åÁC«hÅãµÛ¤U­°¡A12«ü¸zÂH½¤¤§¶t§t¶q«h¥H¤é³2.5¢H¶t§t¶q³B²z²ÕÅãµÛ¸û°ª¤ÎALPase¥çÅãµÛ¸û°ª¡Cªí¤T¬°¸z¹DALPase»PÄqª«½è¬ÛÃö«Y¼Æ¡Aµo²{¤é³¤§¶t§t¶q»P¦å¶t»P¸z¹DÂH½¤¤§¶t¶q§eÅãµÛ©Ê¤§¥¿¬ÛÃö¡A»P¦åÁC«h¬°­t¬ÛÃö¡A»P¦å¤¤¾N¶q«h¬°ÅãµÛ©Ê­t¬ÛÃö¡A§@ªÌ»{¬°ÁöµM§CÁC·|¨ë¿E¸z¹D²£¥ÍALPase¡A¦ý¶t¤§¼vÅT¥i¯à§ó¤j¡A¦Ó¥B·í¶t¹F¨ì¾A·í§l¦¬¶q¥i¯àALPase­°¦Ü³Ì§C¡A·í§C¶t©Î°ª¶t¶q¤é³·|¨ÏALPase¬¡©Ê¤É°ª¡A¤£¹L®Ú¾ÚDavies et al (1970)«ü¥XALPase¬¡©Ê¥ç¨üÀô¹Ò¤§¼vÅT¡A¥]¬A¿O¥ú¡B·Å«×¡BÀã«×¡B¾¸­µµ¥¼vÅT¡AµM¦Ó³o¨Ç¼vÅT¾÷¨î¨´¤µ¤´µM¥¼ª¾¡C

ªí¤T¬°Martin (1962)¥H¦×ÂûÁý¦h§tCa45¤§¤é³¡Aµ²ªGµo²{¦b±Ä­¹«á20¤ÀÄÁ¡A¦å²M¤¤ALPase¬¡©Ê¨³³t¤É¦Ü³Ì°ª¡A¦Ó¦å¶t¦b30¤ÀÄÁ®É¹F¨ì³Ì°ª¡AµM«á¤U­°¡A×H°©¤¤Ca45«h¦b60¤ÀÄÁ¹F¨ì³Ì°ª¡AÅã¥Ü¦å²M¤¤ALPase¬¡©Ê¤§¤É°ª¬Û·í§Ö³t¡A¥Ñ¦¹¥i±À´ú¸z¹D§l¦¬¶t¥H¥D°Ê¹B¿é¤è¦¡¡A¸z¹D¤¤ALPase¤ÎATPase¦³¥[±j¨ä§l¦¬§@¥Î¡A¦Ó°©¶t¬°¶J¦s©Ê¶t¬G®É¶¡¸û±ß¡A¥Ñ¦¹¥iª¾·í§Ú­Ì¥HALPase§@¬°¶t»Ý­n¤§«ü¼Ð®É¡A¥²¶·¦Ò¼{¨ä±Ä¦å®É¶¡¡C

¥H°©Àf¾÷±ñ©Êª¬§@¬°´ú©w«ü¼Ð¤§¤èªk¡G¸V¯b¦]¬°¥Íªø§Ö³t¡A¨ä©Ò»Ý¶tÁC¶q¸û¨ä¥L³¡¥÷°©Àfµo¨|©Ò»Ý¬°¦h¡A¯S§O¬OµÌ×H°©¡A¨Ã¥B­n¦³¨¬°÷ªº±j«×¨Ó¤ä«ùÅé­«¡A¦]¦¹·í¤é³¤¤¶tÁC¯Ê¥F¡Aªø°©°©½è©ö§Î¯Ü®z¡A¥B·î«¬¯S§O©úÅã¡A¬G¤@¯ë¥H×H°©¬°§÷®Æ(Vahl, 1985)´ú©w°©Àf¤§¾÷±ñ©Ê½è¡C

ªí¤T ¤T¶gÄÖ¦×Âû¤fªACa¤é³¹ï©ó¦å²G¤Î×H°©ÆP©ÊÁC»Ä¶t§t¶q¤§¼vÅT

minutes after Ca dose

Serum alkaline phosphatase

(sigma units¡þml)

¢H Ca dose¡þml serum

¢H Ca dose¡þgm tibia

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

126

300

136

176

174

130

132

0.44

0.47

0.51

0.33

0.30

0.26

0.28

1.00

1.07

3.44

3.21

3.98

6.85

5.45

(Martin, 1962)

´ú©w×H°©±j«×¤èªk«Ü¦h¡AÅs¦±´ú©w(Flexure test)¬°³Ì´¶¹M¤§¤èªk¡A°©ÀfÅs´ú©w¤§©ñ¸mÂI¤Î¬I¤OÂI¤§Ãö«Y¡A¤äÂI¶¡¶ZÂ÷ÀH°©Àf¤j¤p½Õ¾ã¡C·í°©ÀfÀþ¶¡µõ®É©Ó¨üÀ£¤O§Y¬O°©Àf¯}µõ³Ì¤j±j«×¡C

Twining (1965)´ú©w¦×Âû¤§¶t»Ý­n¶q¡A¨äÁC¶q¬°1.41¢H¡A¥Ñ¥Íªø©Êª¬¦Ó¨¥¥H¶t¶q0.7¢H³Ì¨Î¡A¸g°jÂk¤ÀªRµo²{¼W­«¦b0¡ã6¶g¤Î0¡ã8¶g³£¦³ÅãµÛ©Ê¤G¦¸©ßª«½u°jÂk¦±½u¡A¦ÓÁC¤§§t¶q¹ï¼W­«¤§¼vÅT¶È¦b0¡ã4¶g¶¥¬q¦³·¥ÅãµÛ°jÂk¬ÛÃö¡A¥H«á¶¥¬q¼vÅT¤£ÅãµÛ¡C

ªí¥| ¤é ³ ¤¤ ¶t §t ¶q ¹ï ¼W ­« ¤§ ¼v ÅT

¡@

Exp. Period (weeks)

0 ¡ã 4

4 ¡ã 6

6 ¡ã 8

0 ¡ã 8

¢H¡ACa

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

401

467

496

499

320

384

405

409

387

454

475

470

1108

1306

1376

1378

(Twining,1965)

ªí¤­¬°¤W­z¹êÅ礧°©Àf¦Ç¤À¡Aµo²{¶t§t¶q¹ï©ó°©Àf¦Ç¤À¥ç§e¤G¦¸°jÂk(quadratic response regression)¤§¤À¥¬¡A¦ÓÁC§t¶q«h§e¤@¦¸°jÂk¤À§G(linear response)¡A±qµ²ªG¤¤Åã¥Ü°©Àf¦Ç¤À¦Ê¤À²v¦Ó¨¥¶t§t¶q¦b0.7¢H§Y¨¬°÷¡A¦¹»P¥Íªø©Êª¬(¼W­«)²Å¦X¡C

Nelson (1969)¥H¯Â¤Æ¤é³(¥D­n­ì®Æ¬°¸²µå¿}¡A°®Àê¦å¯»¡A½¦­ì³J¥Õ¡A¥É¦Ìªo)²K¥[CaCO3¤ÎNaH2PO4¥H¤KºØ¤£¦P³B²z²Õµ¹¤©¤@¤éÄÖ¥Õ¦â¨Ó¦ëÂû¡A±qªí¤»µ²ªG¤é³¶t¤§¼vÅT¦b¼W­«©M°©Àf¦Ç¤À¦Ê¤À²v¦³ÅãµÛ©Ê¤§¤@¦¸(½u©Ê)¤Î¤G¦¸©ßª«½u©Ê°jÂk®ÄÀ³¡A¹}®Æ§Q¥Î®Ä²v«h¬°¤@¦¸°jÂk¤§®ÄÀ³¡A¦Ó³Ì¤j¼W­«¸gÂ_½uªk¨D¨ä¶t»Ý­n¶q¬°0.44¢H¡C

ªí¤­ ¤é ³ ¤¤ ¶t §t ¶q ¹ï ×H °© ¦Ç ¤À ¤§ ¼v ÅT

Ca¡A¢H

Of diet

Subclass means-ash as percent of bone

4 wks

8 wks

Males

Females

Combined sexes

Males

Females

Combined sexes

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

46.94

50.05

53.39

52.37

48.75

52.82

53.21

54.74

47.85

51.44

53.30

53.55

49.40

53.45

54.53

55.88

52.50

55.64

56.80

56.73

50.95

54.55

55.66

56.31

(Twining, 1965)

ªí¤» ²K¥[¤£¦P¶t§t¶q©ó¯Â¤Æ¤é³¤§¼vÅT(¥Õ¦â¨Ó¦ë¤½Âû)

Ca¡A¢H

3 wks gain,g

bone ash¡A¢H

feed¡þgain

0.25

0.375

0.44

0.50

0.625

0.75

1.00

1.50

158

178

195

196

187

199

195

205

38.03

42.22

44.31

45.83

46.52

46.95

47.68

48.18

1.91

1.86

1.80

1.77

1.78

1.72

1.78

1.69

  1. P¡Õ0.01 liner and quadrotic effect. (Nelson,1969)
  2. P¡Õ0.01 liner effect.

ªí¤C¬°Gorsiner (1970)¦~¥H¨âºØÁC³B²z²Õ¤Î¤»ºØ¶t³B²z²Õµ¹¤©¶¯©Ê¦×Âû0¡ã4¶gÄÖ¡Aµ²ªGµo²{¦bÅé­«¤è­±¦b§C¶t³B²z²ÕÅãµÛ¼vÅT¼W­«¡A¨ä³Ì¤jÅé­«¶t»Ý­n¶q¬°1.07¢H¡A¦ý±q³Ì§C»Ý­n¶q(Â_½uªk)¬°0.5¢H¡A¦b¶t»PÁC¤§¶¡¦³ÅãµÛ©Ê¬ÛÃö¦s¦b¤¤¥H§C¶t§CÁC¥Íªø³Ì®t¡A¦b¹}®Æ§Q¥Î®Ä²v«h¥H¶t§t¶q1.2¢H³Ì¦n¡A¦º¤`²v¤è­±«h¥H§C¶t³B²z²Õ¸û°ª(¹êÅç¤G)¡C¦b°©Àf¦Ç¤À¤è­±¡Aªí¤C¨â­Ó¹êÅç§@ªÌ»{¬°²z·Q­È¬°0.6¢H¶t¶q¡A¥B°ª¶t§CÁC¤Ï¦Ó¼vÅT¦Ç¤À­«¶q¡A¥t§@ªÌ¦b1973¦~¥H¬Û¦P¤é³³B²z¶i¦æ¥Õ¦â¨Ó¦ëÂû¤Î¦×Âû¤§½Æ¦]¤l¸ÕÅç¡A¦bÅé­«¤è­±¡Aµo²{¨Ó¦ëÂû¤ñ¦×Âû¯à§Ô¨ü¸û¤j¶tÁC¤ñ¡A¦Ó¦×Âû¦b§C¶t¤U¼W­«¼vÅT¤ñ¨Ó¦ëÂûÅãµÛ¡A±qµ²ªGµo²{¨Ó¦ëÂû¯à§Ô¨ü¸û§CªºÁC¤Î¸û°ª©Î§Cªº¶t¶q¡C¦bªí¤KGardiner (1973)¬°¦×Âû¤Î¨Ó¦ëÂû¤§¦å²G©Êª¬¡A¤é³¤¤¶t¼W¥[®É«h¦å¼ß¤¤µL¾÷¶t(¸g¹L¤T´â¾L»Ä¨I¾ý³J¥Õ½è)§t¶q§e½u©Ê¼W¥[¡A¥B§eÅãµÛ®t²§¡A¦ýÁC§t¶q¼W¥[®É«hÅãµÛ´î¤Ö¡A¦Ó¤é³¤¤ÁC§t¶q¼W¥[«h¦å¼ß¤¤µL¾÷ÁC¤W¤É¡A¶t§t¶q¼W¥[®É«h¦å¼ß¤¤µL¾÷ÁC­°§C¡C¦b¦å²G©Êª¬¤¤¦å¶t¡AµL¾÷ÁC©ó¤é³¶t¡BÁC§t¶q§¡¦³ÅãµÛ¥æ·P§@¥Î¡A·í¶tÁC¤ñ¼W¥[®É¦åÁC«h¤U­°¡C

ªí¤EDilorth (1965)¥H¤£¦P¶tÁC¤ñ¡A¥Ñ1.5º¥¼W¦Ü4¡Aµ²ªG¥H1.5¶tÁC¤ñ¦b¥Íªø©Êª¬¤§¤¤¼W­«©M¹}®Æ§Q¥Î®Ä²vÅãµÛ¨Î¡A¦Ó×H°©©MªÑ°©¦Ç¤À¥ç¥H1.5¶tÁC¤ñ³Ì¨Î¡A·í¶tÁC¤ñ¼W¥[®É«h¥Íªø©Êª¬¤Î°©Àf©Êª¬ÅãµÛ¤U­°¡A¦ý°©Àf¦Ç¤À¤¤¶tÁC«hµLÅãµÛ®t²§¡C

ªí¤C ¤£¦P¤é³¶tÁC§t¶q¹ï©ó0¡ã4¶g¦×Âû¥Íªø©Êª¬¡B¦º¤`²v¡B°©Àf¦¨¤À(ªÏ°©)¦Ê¤À¤ñ¤§¼vÅT

Ca¡A¢H

P¡A¢H

Body weight

F¡þG

Mortality ¢H

Bone ash ¢H

0.5

0.7

0.5

0.7

0.5

0.7

0.5

0.7

Exp. 1

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

ÅãµÛ©Ê

Exp. 2

0.2

0.5

0.8

1.1

1.5

1.8

ÅãµÛ©Ê

514

646

656

630

629

587

Ca

216

544

650

622

635

579

Ca

494

631

644

631

633

678

P¡ÑCa

189

515

631

634

654

613

P¡ÑCa

1.79

1.66

1.65

1.66

1.64

1.66

Ca

3.16

1.71

1.68

1.60

1.63

1.84

Ca P

1.81

1.69

1.72

1.71

1.67

1.65

Ca

3.65

1.74

1.65

1.73

1.67

1.72

P¡ÑCa

7.5

0.0

5.0

7.5

0.0

5.0

---

37.5

7.5

5.0

2.5

5.0

0.0

---

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

0.0

5.0

---

41.5

7.5

5.0

2.5

7.5

5.0

---

44.0

48.6

50.3

51.7

50.4

44.0

P Ca

33.4

46.7

51.5

51.9

52.2

50.9

P

45.6

49.8

50.6

52.5

53.0

53.3

P¡ÑCa

33.0

48.1

52.4

54.1

53.6

54.4

Ca

(Gardiner, 1971)

ªí¤K ¤é³¤¤¤£¦P¶tÁC§t¶q¹ï©ó0¡ã4¶gÄÖ¦×Âû¤Î³æ«a¥Õ¦â¨Ó¦ëÂû¤§¦å²G©Êª¬¤§¼vÅT

P ¢H

0.53

0.73

Ca ¢H

0.22

0.54

0.84

1.26

1.51

1.80

0.23

0.48

0.76

1.10

1.49

1.92

¦×Âû

PCai

PPi

PPo

¨Ó¦ë³JÂû

PCai

PPi

PPo

MS

PCai

PPi

PPo

9.10

7.29

8.86

8.10

7.19

6.39

Breed

4.5392

1.4891

1.0849

10.20

7.19

6.29

12.07

8.16

7.35

11.91

7.55

6.06

11.85

7.26

5.79

12.11

6.73

6.29

12.19

7.02

6.95

B¡ÑP

0.4842

0.8043

0.0931

11.86

7.10

6.69

11.98

7.43

7.07

13.73

5.34

7.02

13.83

5.19

7.08

8.66

7.18

8.01

8.59

6.79

6.90

10.90

6.97

7.61

11.67

7.61

7.52

11.55

6.74

6.59

11.84

6.99

6.60

11.75

7.45

5.70

12.21

7.20

7.43

11.96

7.30

6.89

12.10

7.56

7.10

12.16

8.04

7.79

12.39

7.86

5.99

Phosphorus

3.1757

4.8457

2.1497

Calcium

86.3508

2.3830

8.0001

B¡ÑCa

3.0818

1.2551

11.1983

P¡ÑCa

4.2039

11.0789

1.7135

B¡ÑP¡ÑCa

1.4358

0.4506

3.9151

1¡GPCai ¡÷ inorganic Ca (Gardiner, 1973)

2¡GPPi ¡÷ inorganic P

3¡GPPo ¡÷ organic P (¤é³³B²z²Õ¥H¤ÀªR­È¥Nªí)

¡@

ªí¤E ¤£¦P¶tÁC¤é³©ó¦×Âû3¶g¨ä¥Íªø©Êª¬¤Î°©Àf©Êª¬¡A¦¨¤À¤§¼vÅT

Dietary total

Ca¡þP

Tibia

Fenur

Avg wt feed

P¢H

Ca¢H

ash¢H

Ca

P

ash¢H

Ca

P

(g)

gain

0.47

0.705

0.940

1.175

1.410

1.645

1.880

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

35.86

32.49

30.71

28.94

26.04

25.60

37.1

36.5

36.7

36.6

37.8

37.8

17.8

17.2

16.9

16.8

16.6

16.6

34.10

31.00

28.04

23.50

22.57

20.70

36.5

30.2

36.4

35.4

36.0

36.8

18.0

17.6

17.5

16.9

17.1

17.1

288

244

215

182

168

152

1.36

1.40

1.46

1.57

1.50

1.58

0.67

1.005

1.340

1.675

2.010

3.245

2.680

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

45.37

41.62

48.39

35.75

33.25

31.93

37.8

47.7

37.8

37.8

37.5

37.7

18.3

17.6

17.3

17.2

17.6

16.9

41.49

38.58

36.72

33.04

27.20

26.39

37.6

37.3

37.6

37.3

37.1

36.8

18.4

17.8

17.9

17.4

17.2

17.0

337

308

264

236

210

212

1.32

1.34

1.39

1.41

1.40

1.46

(Dilworth, 1965)

ªí¤Q¬°®}(1990)¥H¥xÆW¤p«¬¦³¦â¦×Âû¡A¥H¤»­Ó¤£¦P¶t§t¶q³B²z²Õ¶i¦æ0¡ã4¶gÄÖ¸ÕÅç¡Aµo²{§C¶t¤U¥ÍªøÅãµÛ¤U­°¤Î×H°©§¨¤ÀÅãµÛ´î¤Ö¥~¡A¨ä¥L¦U¶µ©Êª¬¬ÒµLÅãµÛ®t²§¡A¦¹¥i¯à»P«e­±Gardiner (1971,1973)©Ò´£¤p«¬Âû°¦¨Ò¦p¨Ó¦ëÂûµ¥¡A¨ä¹ï°ª¶t¤§§Ô¨ü©Ê¸û±j¦³Ãö¡A©Ò¥H¶tÁC¤ñ¼W¥[¨ì3.2¨ì¹ï©ó¥Íªø©Êª¬¤Î°©Àf¡A¦å²M©Êª¬¤´µLÅãµÛ¼vÅT¡C¤S¥HÂ_½uªk¤§²Î­p¤ÀªR¦Ó¨¥¡A¥H¹}®Æ§Q¥Î®Ä²v¤§³Ì§C»Ý­n¶q²¤°ª©ó¼W­«¬°«ü¼Ð¡A¨ä¥D­n¬°¨ü¨ì±Ä­¹¶qªº¼vÅT¡C¡@

ªí¤Q

¶t

¢H

¶t ¡þ

¦³®ÄÁC

¼W ­«

¢H

¹} ®Æ

¡þ

¼W ­«

×H °©

¦å ²M

¦Ç ¤À

¢H

¶t

¢H

ÁC

¢H

¶t

mg¡þdl

µL¾÷ÁC

mg¡þdl

0.2

0.45

0.70

0.95

1.20

1.45

0.4¡G1

1.0¡G1

1.5¡G1

2.1¡G1

2.7¡G1

3.2¡G1

295

387

399

396

380

391

b

a

a

a

a

a

2.21

2.06

2.02

1.99

2.01

1.98

32.6

40.6

40.0

40.8

42.4

42.5

b

a

a

a

a

a

17.0

20.6

19.1

20.5

18.8

17.7

a

a

a

a

a

a

5.8

5.3

4.8

5.1

6.2

5.7

a

a

a

a

a

a

7.65

8.63

8.33

8.19

8.03

7.75

a

a

a

a

a

a

5.93

6.67

6.97

6.82

6.55

6.97

a

a

a

a

a

a

ab¦PÄ椺¼Æ­È¼Ð¥H¤£¦P¦r¥ÀªÌ¡Aªí¥Ü®t²§ÅãµÛ(P¡Õ0.05)¡C

ªí¤Q¤@¡B¤Q¤G¬°Sevens (1983)¥H¤TºØ¤£¦P¶t§t¶q¹ï¤õÂû¨â­Ó¥Íªø¶¥¬q¤§¼vÅT¡A¥Ñ¥Íªø©Êª¬¨Ó¬Ý¦~ÄÖ¤§¼vÅT¤£¤j¡A¦ý°©Àf©Êª¬¦Ó¨¥¡A·í¦~ÄÖ¸û¤j®É¡A¤é³¹ï©ó¦Ç¤À§t¶q¦³´£°ªªºÁͶաA¦å²G©Êª¬«hµL¦~ÄÖ¤W¤§®t²§¡A¦ý±qµ²ªGµo²{¦å¼ß¤¤ALPase¡A¦b³Ì¤j¥Íªø¤§³B²z²Õ(¶t¶q1.2¢H)®É«h§t¶q³Ì§C¡A¤×¨ä¦b§C¶t®É¸û°ª¡C»PNorris (1972)¤§µ²ªG(¨£ªí¤Q¤T)¬Û²Å¦X¡A¦ý¤]µo²{¨ìALPase¬¡©Ê¦b­ÓÅ餧¶¡Åܲ§«Ü¤j¡A¥B»PWeiss (1981)µ²ªG(¨£ªí¤Q¥|)¬Û¤Ï¡A¨ä¦b§C¶t¤U¬¡©Ê¤U­°¡A¦ý§@ªÌ¥t¥H©ñ®g©Ê¶t¤fªA´ú©w×H°©¤§°©·F*ºÝ¤§©ñ®g©Ê¶t§t¶q¤ÎALPase¬¡©Ê¡Aµ²ªGµo²{·í×H°©°©·FúNºÝ²Õ´Ca45¶q¤U­°®É«hALPase§t¶q§Y¤W¤É¤§ÁͶաAªñ¦~¨Ó¾ÇªÌ³°Äòµo²{°©Àf¶t¤Æ»PÆP©ÊÁC»ÄúA¦³±K¤ÁÃö«Y¡A¤×¨ä¬O¥i¨ó§U¶t¶i¤J°©Àf¶t¤Æ»PÁC»ÄÆQ§Î¦¨ßmÁC¦Ç¥Ûµ²´¹(hydroxy-apatite crystals)¬°°©Àf¥D­nµL¾÷µ²ºc¦¨¤À¡A¬G¥i¹w´ú´ú©w°©·FúNºÝ¤§ALPase¬¡©Ê¥i¯à¤ñ¦å²G§ó¦³·N¸q¡C

ªí¤Q¤@ ¤£¦P¶t§t¶q¹ï©ó¤õÂû¨â­Ó¥Íªø¶¥¬q¤§Åé­«¤Î×H°©¦Ç¤À¦Ê¤À¤ñ¤§¼vÅT

Dietary

Ca ¢H

2 weeks

4 weeks

tibia ash ¢H

body weight

tibia ash ¢H

body weight

0.6

1.2

3.0

43.03±0.57

50.55±0.38

48.60±0.64

262.7±5.9

313.0±4.7

289.0±6.3

43.40±0.58

48.90±0.58

51.21±0.55

680±24.5

916±19.3

894±28.3

(Stevens, 1983)

¡@

ªí¤Q¤G ¤£¦P¶t§t¶q¹ï©ó¤õÂû¨â­Ó¥Íªø¶¥¬q¤§¦å²G¤Æ¾Ç¦¨¤À¤§¼vÅT

Dietary

Ca ¢H

¡@ ¡@

Plasma Ca

Plasma F

Plasma AP

Plasma Ca

Plasma P

Plasma AP

0.6

1.2

3.0

2.3±0.05

2.6±0.05

3.1±0.07

1.9±0.07

2.3±0.06

1.5±0.06

5990±30

3680±10

5060±20

2.4±0.03

2.6±0.03

2.8±0.05

2.0±0.07

2.2±0.03

2.0±0.07

5360±260

4060±200

4090±220

1 Alkaline phosphate (Stevens, 1983)

Shevens (1984)¥H0¡ã2¶gÄÖÁý¤©§C¶t¤Î¥¿±`¶t¶q¤é³¡Aµo²{¦b¦å²G©Êª¬µLÅãµÛ®t²§¡A¦ý¦b°©Àf©Êª¬¡A¥]¬A¦Ç¤À¦Ê¤À¤ñ¡B¯}µõ±j«×¡B³n°©¯fÅܵ{«×¡B¶t¶q¡A³£¦³ÅãµÛ®t²§¡AÅã¥Ü¥H»Ý­n¶q«ü¼Ð¦Ó¨¥¡A°©Àf©Êª¬¥i¯à¤ñ¦å²G©Êª¬§ó¬°©ú½T¡C

Shith (1985)¥H°ª¶q¶t(¥Ñ1¢H¨ì3¢HÁý¥H¦×Âû´ú©w¨ä°©Àf©Êª¬¡Aµo²{°©Àfªø«×¨S¦³ÅãµÛ®t²§¡A¦ý×H°©Åé¿n¸û¤j¡Aªí¥Ü°©ÀY¸û²Ê¤jÅã¥Ü°©·F¾ÀÅÜÁ¡¡B¯Ü©Ê¼W¤j¡A¦ý¦Ç¤À§t¶q¤Ï¦Ó´î¤Ö¡A¬G©ö³y¦¨°©ÀfÅs¦±¡A¦Ó»L³¡¤£¥¿±`µ{«×´NÅãµÛ¸û°ª¡A¬G¶t§t¶q¹L°ª¹ï°©Àf¤Ï¦Ó³y¦¨¤£§Q¡A¦ý×H°©Åé¿n¤Î»L³¡¤£¥¿±`µû¤À·í§@»Ý­n¶q«ü¼Ð¡A¤´¶·¶i¤@¨B±´°Q¡C

Meyer (1971)¥H¨Ó¦ë³JÂû¬°§÷®ÆÁý¥H¤£¦P¶t§t¶q´ú©w¨ä°©Àf±j«×¡A¨ä¤G¤Q¤@¶gÄÖ¶}©l²£³J¡A¦b¤½Âû¤è­±°©Àf¯}µõ±j«×¥H0.9¢H¶t³B²z§e½u©Ê¼W¥[¥B³Ì°ª¡A¦b¥ÀÂû°£¤F0.4¢H§C¶t³B²zÅãµÛ¸û§C¥~¡A¨ä¥L¦U³B²z²Õ¬ÒµLÅãµÛ®t²§¡A§@ªÌ»{²£³J©Ò»Ýªº¶t·½¥H°©Àf§@¬°¶J¦s³B¡A¬G°©Àf¨ã¦³½Õ¸`¶t§l¦¬ªº§@¥Î¡A¬G¥H°©Àf±j«×§@¬°¦×Âû¶t»Ý­n¶q«ü¼Ð¦ü¥G¥i¦æ¡A¦ý¥H³JÂû¦Ó¨¥«h¥i¯à¤£¦æ¡C

ªí¤Q¤T ¦å ¼ß ¤§ ¦¨ ¤À (¥H ¨Ó ¦ë ¤½ Âû ¬° §÷ ®Æ)

Calcium in diet

Calcium

phosphorus

Alkaline phosphatase

Hydroxyproline

¢H

mg¡þ100 ml

mg¡þ100 ml

IU¡þ100 ml

mg¡þ100 ml

¡@

Experiment 1

¡@

Pesults to 20 weeks, 14 males treatment at start, 8 at end

0.03

0.42

10.09

10.23

1.42

2.25

26.30

18.65

1.31

1.44

Results to 28 weeks, 14 males treatment at start, 5 at end

0.03

0.42

SE 5

10.15214

10.28b

0.53

1.43a3

2.23b

0.28

26.38a1

22.06b

8.92

1.30a2

1.45b

0.20

Experiment 2

Results at 20 weeks, 10 males¡þtreatment

0.0035

0.0125

0.0250

0.0500

0.1000

SE5

10.4021

10.54ab

10.54ab

10.87

10.73bc

0.38

2.41a1

2.39a

2.39a

2.43a

2.43a

0.43

27.1421

26.562

22.45b

20.16b

18.60b

9.32

0.90a1

0.87a

0.86a

0.86a

0.85a

0.19

1¡GDifferent letters denote significance at 5¢H level of probability. (Norris, 1972)

2¡GDifferent letters denote significance at 1¢H level of probability.

3¡GDifferent letters denote significance at 0.1¢H level of probability.

4¡GNo significant statistical diffcrence was found due to age. The stated values for statistical significance ard based, therefore. On vanance analysis of all data to 20 and 28 weeks.

5¡GPooled standard error based on error mcan square term in analysis of variance.

¡@

ªí¤Q¥| ¦å ²G ¤Æ ¾Ç ©Ê ª¬ ( ¥H ¤p ¥Õ ¹« ¬° §÷ ®Æ )

Diet

Alkaline

pH (n¡×4)

BUX (n¡×8)

Phosphatase (n¡×16)

Ca (n¡×16)

P (n¡×16)

N-Ptn¡þN-Ca

H-Ptn¡þN-Ca

N-Ptn¡þL-Ca

H-Ptn¡þL-Ca

7.43

7.47

7.41

7.45

mg¡þ100ml

U¡þ£gl

mM¡þliter

mM¡þliter

46±81

40±3*

22±2

32±3*

18.9±1.8

7.7±1.1*

7.0±1.2*

9.6±1.2*

1.50±0.10

1.35±0.05

0.62±0.10*

0.93±0.07*

6.33±0.20

6.37±0.25

5.75±1.10

5.78±0.28

*Significant at P¡Ø0.001¡C (Weiss, 1981)

Shafey (1990)¥H¤TºØ¤£¦P¶t¡BÁC¤é³´ú©w°©Àf(×H°©)¤¤¤À¶tÁC¤ñ¨Ò¡Aµo²{·í¤é³¶tÁC¤ñ¼W¥[®É×H°©¦Ç¤À¶tÁC¤ñ¥ç¼W¥[¡A¦Ó¦Ç¤À¤¤¶tÁC¤ñ±µªñ2¡G1®É¨ä¦Ç¤ÀÅãµÛ¸û­«(Ca¡þAP¡×22¡þ4g¡þkg)¡A¦ý¼W­«¥HCa¡þAP¡×12¡þ4g¡þkg¬°ÅãµÛ¸û®t¡A¬G¥H°©Àf©Êª¬¬°«ü¼Ð®É¡A¨ä¶t»Ý­n¶q¥i¯à¸û°ª¡C¦ý¦Ç¤À¤¤¶tÁC¤ñ¬O§_¯à°µ¬°¶t»Ý­n¶q¡A©|«Ý¶i¤@¨B±´°Q¡C

ªí¤Q¤­ Influcnce of high protein diets on calcium incorporation and phosphatase actieities into metaphyses

Diet

Ca

Alkaline phosphatase

N¡ÐPtn¡þN¡ÐCa

H¡ÐPtn¡þN¡ÐCa

N¡ÐPtn¡þL¡ÐCa

H¡ÐPtn¡þL¡ÐCa

cpm¡þmg tissue

29.860±552

8.760±452a

24.160±211

6.115±200a

£g¡þmg tissue

127±20

200±15a

65±15a

186±47

a¡GSignificant at P¡Õ0.001¡C (Weis, 1981)

¡@

ªí¤Q¤» Áý¥H¨âºØ¤£¦P¶t§t¶q©ó0¡ã2¶gÄÖ¤õÂû¤§¦å²G©Êª¬¤Î°©Àf©Êª¬¤§¼vÅT

Poult Ca

0.6¢H

1.2¢H

Hatch 1

Hatch 2

Hatch 1

Hatch 2

ÅãµÛ©Ê

¦å²G©Êª¬

¦å ¶t(mM¡þl)

µL ¾÷ ÁC(mM¡þl)

ÆP©ÊÁC»Ä(Unit¡þl)

°©Àf©Êª¬

×H°©¦Ç¤À(¢H°©°®ª«½è)

×H°©¯}µõ±j«×(Newtons method)

³n°©¯fÅܵ{«×(score)

Cp

P

2.6

1.8

8730

40.6

5.4

1.66

---

---

2.4

1.5

7910

39.7

9.8

1.23

31.2

17.2

2.7

1.8

8170

44.1

10.9

0.99

---

---

2.4

1.4

7600

42.7

14.6

0.61

31.8

17.0

NS

NS

NS

***

***

***

*

NS

(Stevens, 1984)

¡@

ªí¤Q¤C ¦× Âû Áý ¤© °ª ¶q ¶t ÁC ©ó ×H °© °© Àf ©Ê ª¬ ¤§ ¼v ÅT

¡@

P

0.6 ¢H

P

1.2 ¢H

Mean Square

Ca 1¢H

2¢H

3¢H

Ca 1¢H

2¢H

3¢H

Ca

P

Ca¡ÑP

Tibia lenth,cm

tibia volume,cc

tibia ash,¢H

leg abnormality acore

7.1

3.3

56.7

0.00

7.2

4.2

55.5

0.88

7.3

5.4

53.5

1.88

7.0

3.1

58.8

0.17

6.9

3.0

57.0

0.88

7.0

3.4

56.5

1.12

NS

***

NS

***

NS

***

NS

NS

NS

***

**

**

(Smith, 1985)

¦]¬°§@ªÌ¦P®É§@¥NÁ¸ÕÅç¡Aµo²{¥H¶t³B²z²Õ(22g¡þkg)º¢¯d¶q³Ì°ª¡A¥B¬Û¹ïº¢¯d¶qRT(relative mineral reteution¡×mineral retained¡þmineral consumed¡Ñ100)³Ì°ª¡A¬G¨ä¹ï¶t§Q¥Î³Ì°ª¡A§@ªÌ»{¬°¨ä¤S¯A¤Î±Ä­¹¶q¡A¦]§C¶t¤U±Ä­¹¶q¸û§C¡A¬G¬Û¹ïº¢¯d¶q»P°©Àf¦Ç¤À¶q¤Î¦Ç¤À¶tÁC¤ñµ²ªG¬Û²Å¦X¡A¦ý¨ä¬O§_¯à°µ¬°¶t»Ý­n¶q¤§«ü¼Ð»Ý§@¶i¤@¨B±´°Q¡C

¤T¡Bµ² ½×

(¤@)¥H¸V¯b¥Íªø¦Ó¨¥¡A¶t»Ý­n¶q¤§´ú©w«ü¤´¥H¼W­«¬°¥D­n¤èªk¡A¥H¸gÀÙÆ[ÂI¦Ó¨¥¡A¹}®Æ§Q¥Î®Ä²v¥ç¬°«ü¼Ð¤§¤@¡A¦ý¦]¨ü±Ä­¹¶q¤§¼vÅT¬G¸û¼W­«¤£±Ó¾U¡C

(¤G)¦b°©Àf©Êª¬¤è­±¡Aªø°©¤§°©Àf¦Ç¤À§t¶q©Î¦Ê¤À¤ñ¡C¶t¶q¤Î¯}µõ±j«×¡A»P¤é³¤¤¶t§t¶q§e¥¿¬ÛÃö¤§ÁͶաA¬G¥i§@¬°¶t»Ý­n¶q¤§«ü¼Ð¡A¥t¦Ç¤À¤¤¤§¶tÁC¤ñ¤Î¬Û¹ïº¢¯d²v¡A§@¬°¶t»Ý­n¶q«ü¼Ð«h¶·¶i¤@¨B±´°Q¡C

(¤T)¦b¦å²G©Êª¬¤è­±¡A¦å¶t§t¶q»P¤é³¤¤¶t§t¶q¦³¸û°ª¥¿¬ÛÃö¡A¦ý¾÷ÁC§t¶q«h¨ü¤é³ÁC§t¶q¼vÅT¸û¤j¡A¦å²G¤¤ÆP©ÊÁC»ÄúA¬¡©Ê§@¬°¶t»Ý­n¶q¤§«ü¼Ð«h¤´¦³ª§Ä³¡A¦ý¤Q¤G«ü¸z¤Î°©úNºÝ¤§ÆP©ÊÁC»ÄúA¬¡©Ê¡A¦ü¥G¥i°µ¬°«ü¼Ð¡A¦ý¦³«Ý¶i¤@¨B±´°Q¡C

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