½Þ¹}®Æ¤¤¦³¾÷ÁCªº§Q¥Î»P¨äÀô¹Ò¦Ã¬V¤§¨¾ªv(¤G)
ªñ¦~¨Ó²ÓM¢Ò¢Ü¢Ï«¿Ä¦X§Þ³Nªº§ï¶i¡A¨Ï¬ì¾Ç®aÌ¥i§Q¥Î°ò¦]¤uµ{¨Ó¨Ï·L¥Íª«¦³®Ä¥B¤j¶q¦a¥Í²£´Ó»Äú@¡C
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¹}®Æ¤¤¾A¦X¨Ï¥Îªº»Ã¯À¯S©Ê¥²»Ý¨Ì¨ä¨Ï¥Î¤è«K¬°¨ä¥Dn±ø¥ó¡A¥H´Ó»Äú@ªº§Q¥Î¬°¨Ò¡A»¡©ú¤TºØ»Ã¯À§Q¥Îªº¥i¸ô®|¡G
(¤@)¦b»s³y¹}®Æ¶¥¬q®É¡A±N¹}®Æ¤¤ªº´Ó»ÄÁC³B²z¤@¦¹¤èªk¥i¯à»Ýn¸û¤jªº§ë¸ê¡C
(¤G)²K¥[»Ã¯À(´Ó»Äú@)¶i¤J¹}®Æ¤¤¡A¹}Áý«e»P¤ô²V¦X¾A·í®É¶¡¡A¦p¦¹Åý»Ã¯À¯à¦³®É¶¡§@¥Î¦b´Ó»Ä¤W¡A¦Ó±N´Ó»Ä¤¤ªºÁC¤À¸Ñ¡C¦¹¤èªk¦b½Þ°¦¹}¾i¤W¸û·|µo¥Í¹ê»Ú¾Þ§@ªº°ÝÃD¡C
(¤T)§Q¥Î°Êª«Å餺¥»¨ªº®ø¤Æ¹Lµ{¡A¨ÓÅý»Ã¯À§@¥Î¦b¹}®Æ¤¤ªº´Ó»ÄÁC¤W¡C
¤Wz¤TºØ¤èªk¥H³Ì«á¤@ºØ³Ì¨ã¦³§l¤Þ¤O¡A¦]¬°»Ã¯À¥i¯à«Ü®e©ö²V¦X¤J¹}®Æ¤¤¡A¨Ã§@¦¨²Éª¬¹}®Æ¡A¦¹»Ã¯À¦bG¸z¹D®ø¤Æ¹Lµ{¤¤¡A±N¦³®Ä¦a¤ô¸Ñ´Ó»Ä¡C
2.¥Í²£»Ã¯À²£«~³W®æ³]pªº«ÂI¡G
¥Í²£»Ã¯ÀªÌ¨Ì¨ä»Ã¯À¯S©Ê¤Î¨Ï¥Î¥Ø¼Ð¡A¦Ó³]p¥X¤@ӻïÀªº¯S©Ê¡C³]p¶}µo¥X¨Óªº»Ã¯À(¥H´Ó»Äú@¬°¨Ò)¡An¯à¦b°Êª«Å餺µo¥Í¨ä§@¥Î¡AÀ³¸Ó¹F¨ì¤UzÄY®æªº³W®æ»Ý¨D¡G
(¤@)»Ã¯À¥²»Ý¦b¹}®Æ»s³y¥[¼ö¹Lµ{¤¤¡A¯à«O«ù¨ä¬¡©Ê»P¥Í¾÷¡C
(¤G)»Ã¯À¦b§@¥ÎªºÀô¹Ò¦s¦b¤¤¡A¤@©wn¦³Ã©w©Ê¡C
(¤T)»Ã¯À¦bG¤¤»Ä©Ê¤Î¸z¤¤¤¤©Ê¢ø¢ÖȤU¡A§¡¯à°÷µo´§¨ä¤ô¸Ñ®Ä¥Î¡C
(¥|)»Ã¯À¦b®ø¤Æ¨t²Î¤¤¡A¯à°÷¤£³Q¨ä¥L¤w¸g¦s¦bªº»Ã¯À©Ò¯}Ãa¡C
(¤)»Ã¯À¦b»ù®æ¤W¡A¯à¨Ï·~ªÌ³ßÅw¨Ï¥Î¡C
3.´Ó»Äú@¤À¸Ñ¹}®Æ¤¤´Ó»ÄÁCªºÀô¹Ò¡G
´Ó»Äú@¥i±qAspergillusµßºØ¤¤¥Í²£¦Ó¥X¡A¦ý¤£¬O©Ò¦³AspergillusµßÄݧ¡¥i²£¥X´Ó»Äú@¡A¤j¬ùA. flavus¡BA. niger¡BA. terreus¡BA. versicolor¡BA. ficuumµ¥¤~¥i©Î¦h©Î¤Ö²£¥X´Ó»Äú@(¸Ôªí11¡Aªí12)¡C
Simons¤óµ¥(1990)µo²{¥ÑAspergillus ficuumµßÄÝ©Ò»s¦¨ªº´Ó»Äú@¡A§¡¯à¦³®Äªº§ïµ½´Ó»ÄÁCªº¥Íª«¦³®Ä©Ê¡A¥HP¹ï®a¸V»P½Þ°¦µ¥§¡¯à§ïµ½¨ä¥Íªø©Ê¯à¡CSimons¤óµ¥¥ç«ü¥X¡AY¥H¯Â´Ó»Ä§@¬°´Ó»Äú@ªº¨ü½è(subtrate)®É¡A´Ó»Äú@ªº³Ì¨Î¬¡©Ê¤ÎÅã¥Ü¤À¸Ñ´Ó»Äªº³Ì¨ÎÀô¹Ò¬O¦bpH5.5»PpH2.5µ¥¨âÓ½d³ò¤§¤U(¸Ô¹Ï¤G)¡C¦b¦¹¨âºØpH½d³òȤÎ40¢Jªº¸ÕºÞ¤¤¡A¥H¶À¨§¯»©Î¥É¦Ì¯»°ö¾i¤U¡A¦b¤@¤p®É°ö¾i¤¤¡A¦¹´Ó»Äú@¦b¶À¨§¯»¤¤¡A¥i±N´Ó»ÄÁC¤ô¸Ñ¦¨µL¾÷ª¬ºA¹F85¢H¡C¦b¥É¦Ì¯»¨ü©Ò°ö¾i¤¤¡A´X¥G¥i¥þ³¡¤ô¸Ñ¦¨µL¾÷ª¬ºA¡CY¦b«Ç·Å¤U¡A¥H¶À¨§¯»»P¥É¦Ì¯»²V¦X¹}®Æ¤¤°ö¾iªk¨Ó¶i¦æ´Ó»ÄÁC¤ô¸Ñ§@¥Î®É¡A¦b¸ÕºÞ4¤p®É¤¤¡A¥i±N´Ó»ÄÁC¤ô¸Ñ¦¨µL¾÷ª¬ºA¹F80¢H¡C¦pªGn¥þ³¡¤ô¸Ñ¦¨µL¾÷ÁC¡A«h»Ýn8¤p®Éªº®É¶¡¡C
ªí11. ¥Í²£´Ó»Äú@ªºAspergillusµßºØÄݧOúP
µßºØÄݧO | °ö¾i¸ÕÅç¼ÆÈ | ¥i¥Í²£¦¸¼Æ |
A. fumiggatus | 6 | 0 |
A. flavus | 10 | 2(20%) |
A. flavipes | 3 | 0 |
A. clavatus | 4 | 0 |
A. glaucus | 7 | 0 |
A. nidulans | 10 | 0 |
A. ochraceus | 2 | 0 |
A. versicolor | 3 | 1(33%) |
A. terreus | 2 | 1(50%) |
A. ustus | 2 | 0 |
A. wentii | 3 | 0 |
A. restrictus | 1 | 0 |
A. niger | 22 | 21(96%) |
A. candidus | 2 | 0 |
Aspergillus species (soil isolates) |
3 | 3(100%) |
¹Ï¤G¡B¦b¤£¦PpHȤU²Ê·L¥Íª«´Ó»Äú@ªº¬¡©Ê(Simonsµ¥¡A1990)
ªí12. Aspergillus nigerºØÄÝ»P¨äµßÄݩҥͲ£ªº´Ó»Äú@¶q
µßºØÄݧO | ´Ó»Äú@¶q¬¡©Ê(units¡þml) |
A. niger ATCC 9142 | 2.1(8) |
A. niger ATCC 10864 | 0.8(16) |
A. niger van Tieghem | 3.5(4) |
A. niger var. cinnamoneum NRRL 348 | 1.4(12) |
A. niger japonicus saito ATCC 1034 | 0.6(18) |
A. niger NRRL 372 | 1.0(15) |
A. niger NRRL 326 | 0.7(17) |
A. niger NRRL 330 | 0.8(16) |
A. niger NRRL 4361 | 0.7(17) |
A. niger NRRL 337 | 0.5(19) |
A. awamori ATCC 11382 | 2.3(7) |
A. awamori ATCC 11358 | 3.3(5) |
A. saitoi ATCC 11362 | 1.8(10) |
Al carbonarius NRRL 368 | 1.9(9) |
A. carbonarius PCC 104 | 1.5(11) |
A. tubingensis NRRL 4875 | 2.4(6) |
A. ficuum WB 4016 | 1.1(14) |
A. ficuum WB 4016 | 1.1(14) |
A. ficuum WB 320 | 1.0(15) |
A. ficuum WB 364 | 1.5(11) |
A. ficuum WB 4541 | 1.0(15) |
A. ficuum WB 4781 | 1.2(13) |
A. ficuum NRRL 3135(soil isolate) | 10.5(1) |
A. niger X(soil isolate) | 5.0(2) |
A. niger K(soil isolate) | 4.0(3) |
µù¡G¬A©·¤º¼ÆȬ°¥Í²£´Ó»Äú@¶q§Ç¸¹
4.¹}®Æ»s³y®É´Ó»Äú@¾D¯}ÃaªºÀô¹Ò¡G
¹}®Æ¦b²V¦X»s³y¹Lµ{¤¤¡A¹}®Æì®Æ¥»¨·|¦³·Å«×¤É°ªªºÁͶաC¨Ì¾ÚSimons¤óµ¥«ü¥X¦b§C·Å¥´²Éªº²Éª¬¹}®Æ¤¤¡A¥ç§Y¹}®Æ¤º·Å«×¦b40¢J®É¡A´Ó»Äú@¬¡©Ê¬O«D±`éwªº¡CµM¦Ó¹}®Æ¦b²V¦X«á¥´²É«e¡A¹}®Æ¤ºªº·Å«×¤É¦Ü50¢J¡A¦Ó¦b¥´²É«á¹}®Æ¤º·Å«×±N¤É¦Ü80¢J¡A©ÎªÌ¦b²V¦X«á¥´²É«e¡A¹}®Æ¤ºªº·Å«×¤É¦Ü65¢J¡A¦Ó¦b¥´²É«á·Å«×±N¤É¦Ü84¢J¥H¤W¡A¦¹®É´Ó»Äú@ªº¬¡¤O±N³vº¥¦a¥¢¥h¨ä¬¡¤O(¸Ôªí13)¡C¦]¦¹¬°ºû«ù¹}®Æ¤¤²K¥[´Ó»Äú@ªº¬¡©Ê¡AÀ³¸Óª`·N¹}®Æ»s³y¹Lµ{¤¤¡A¹}®Æ¤º·Å«×ªºÅܤơA¤£nÅý¹}®Æ¤ºªº·Å«×¤É±o¤Ó°ª¡C
5.´Ó»Äú@²K¥[¦b¹}®Æ¤¤ªº¹}¾i®ÄªG¡G
¦¦b1968¦~®ÉNelson¤óµ¥§Y¦bÂû¹}®Æ¤¤²K¥[·L¥Íª«´Ó»Äú@¤Î¨ä¥L®ø¤Æú@¡A¥H¹F¨ì´Ó»ÄÁCªº§Q¥Î®ÄªG¡Aµ²ªG¥ç§ïµ½¤FÂû°¦¥Íªø©Ê¯à¡C¥t¦b1990¦~Simons¤óµ¥¥çµo²{²K¥[´Ó»Äú@¦bÂû©Î½Þ¹}®Æ¤¤®É¡A¥i§ïµ½¹}®Æ¤¤¦³¾÷ÁCªº§Q¥Î®Ä²v¡C
Simons¤óµ¥«ü¥X¦b¸ÕÅç¹}®Æ¤¤¡A²K¥[1,000³æ¦ìªº·L¥Íª«´Ó»Äú@³Q²K¥[¨ì§CÁCªº¹}®Æ¤¤®É¡A¹ï¤@¤éÄÖªºÂû°¦¦Ó¨¥¡A¦³®Ä©ÊÁC¼W¥[63¢H¡A¦ÓÁT«K¤¤ªºÁC«o´î¤Ö¤F51¢H(¸Ô¹Ï¤T)¡CÄṧCÁC¥B²K¥[´Ó»Äú@¹}³ªºÂû°¦¡A¨ä´«¦×²v»P¹ï·Ó²Õ¤ñ¸û¡A¦³¸û¦nªºÁͶաC¦Ó±N·L¥Íª«´Ó»Äú@²K¥[¦b37¤½¤ç¥Íªø¦×½Þ¹}®Æ¤¤¡A²K¥[¦³®ÄÁC¬ù24%¡AÁT«K¤¤ªºÁC¬ù´î¤Ö35%(¸Ôªí14)¡C
ªí13. ¦b¤£¦P¥´²Éª¬ºA¤U²Éª¬¹}®Æ¤¤´Ó»Äú@ªº¬¡©Ê
¹}®Æ¥´²É«e·Å«×¡A¢J | ¹}®Æ¥´²É«á·Å«×¡A¢J | ¯à¶q¿é¤J(Watt¡þkg) | ²Éª¬¹}®Æ¤¤*´Ó»Äú@¬¡©Ê(³æ¦ì¡þ¤½¤ç) | ´Ý¦s¬¡©Ê(¢H) |
50 | 78 | 20 | 240 | 96 |
50 | 81 | 25 | 234 | 94 |
65 | 84 | 17 | 208 | 83 |
65 | 87 | 23 | 115 | 46 |
µù¡G*²Éª¬¹}®Æ¥¼¥´²É®É¦³250³æ¦ì¡þ¤½¤ç¡C
¨ú¦ÛSimons et al., 1990
ªí14. ¹}®Æ(¶À¨§ ¢w ¥É¦Ì)¤¤²K¥[´Ó»Äú@¹ï½Þ°¦¥Íªø©Ê¯à¤§¼vÅT
²K¥[´Ó»Ä¸ÕÅç¼ÆÈ | §_ 6 |
¦³ 6 |
ÅãµÛ ¤ô·Ç |
§_ 6 |
¦³ 5 |
ÅãµÛ ¤ô·Ç |
®ø¤Æ²v(¢H) | ¡@ | ¡@ | ¡@ | ¡@ | ¡@ | ¡@ |
°®ª«½è | 85.2 | 85.0 | NS | 81.0 | 81.3 | NS |
ÁC | 20 | 46 | ** | 34 | 56 | *** |
¶t | 44 | 50 | NS | 50 | 58 | ** |
ÁT«K¤¤ÁC | ¡@ | ¡@ | ¡@ | ¡@ | ¡@ | ¡@ |
(g¡þkg°®°ò) | 21.0 | 13.6 | ** | 16.3 | 10.9 | *** |
ÁT«K¤¤¶t | ¡@ | ¡@ | ¡@ | ¡@ | ¡@ | ¡@ |
(g¡þkg°®°ò) | 22.8 | 19.2 | * | 17.4 | 15.4 | * |
µù¡G*ªí¥Ü¢Þ¡Õ0.05¡A**ªí¥Ü¢Þ¡Õ0.01¡A***ªí¥Ü¢Þ¡Õ0.001¡C
NSªí¥ÜµLÅãµÛ®t²§¡C
¹}®Æ¤¤²K¥[1,000³æ¦ì¡þ¤½¤ç´Ó»Äú@¡C
¨ú¦ÛSimons et al., 1990
¥t¥~¡ASimons¤óµ¥¥ç«ü¥X¡A¹}®Æ¤¤²K¥[´Ó»Äú@®É¡A¦P®É¥i´£°ª¹}®Æ¤¤¶tªº§l¦¬§Q¥Î¡C¦¹¥\¯à¥ç¶¡±µ¼W¥[ÁCªº§Q¥Î²v¡A©Î³\¨âªÌ¤¬¬Û¨ó¦P»s³y¥Íªø°©Àf¡C¦P®ÉSimons¤óµ¥¥ç«ü¥X´Ó»Äú@²K¥[¨ì¶À¨§¯»»P¥É¦Ì¯»°t¤è¡A©Î¦h¤¸¤Æì®Æ°t¤è®É¡A§ó¯àÅãµÛ¦a´£°ª¶tªº®ø¤Æ²v¡A¦P®É´î¤Ö½Þ°¦ÁT«K¤¤ªº¶t(¸Ôªí14)¡C
Ketaren¤óµ¥(1991)¥H¥Íªø½Þ°¦±´°Q´Ó»Äú@¹ï¶À¨§¯»¹}®Æ¤¤¦³¾÷ÁCªº¦³®Ä©Ê®É«ü¥X¡G²K¥[´Ó»Äú@ªº¹}®Æ¥i´£°ª¥Íªø½Þ°¦ªº¥Íªø©Ê¯à(741/835g/¤é¡A¢Þ¡Õ0.05)¡A§ïµ½¹}®Æ´«¦×²v(2.37/2.16¡A¢Þ¡Õ0.01)¡A¼W¥[³J¥Õ½èªº»W¿n(108/123g/¤é¡A¢Þ¡Õ0.05)¡A¼W¥[ÁCªºªí®ø¤Æ²v(0.45/0.69¡A¢Þ¡Õ0.01)¡C¦P®É´Ó»Äú@ªº²K¥[¥i§ïµ½¶À¨§¯»¹}®Æ¤¤ÁCªº¦³®Ä©Ê¡A¥Ñ0.11´£°ª¨ì0.69¡A°©Àfªº±j«×¥çÀò±o¤j¤jªº§ïµ½(¸Ôªí14¡Aªí15)¡C
ªí15. ¹}®Æ(¶À¨§ ¢w ¥É¦Ì)¤¤²K¥[´Ó»Äú@¹ï½Þ°¦¥Íªø©Ê¯à¤§¼vÅT
¹} ®Æ §O |
ÁC§t¶q (§J¡þkg) |
¹}®Æ ÄṶq(g¡þd) |
°¦¤é ¼W«(g¡þd) |
¹}®Æ ´«¦×²v |
³J¥Õ½è °ï¿n(g¡þd) |
¯à¶q °ï¿n(g¡þd) |
¤£²K¥[´Ó»Äú@ | ||||||
°ò¦¹}®Æ | 2.50 | 1844 | 700 | 2.64 | 100 | 10.9 |
ÁC»Ä¶uÆQ | 3.25 | 1912 | 833 | 2.32 | 122 | 11.1 |
ÁC»Ä¶uÆQ | 4.00 | 1692 | 764 | 2.14 | 121 | 9.2 |
¶À¨§¯»®Æ | 3.25 | 1659 | 691 | 2.43 | 97 | 9.9 |
¶À¨§¯»®Æ | 4.00 | 1584 | 687 | 2.31 | 102 | 7.2 |
²K¥[´Ó»ÄÆQ | ||||||
°ò¦¹}®Æ | 2.50 | 1913 | 700 | 2.64 | 100 | 10.9 |
ÁC»Ä¶uÆQ | 3.25 | 1801 | 826 | 2.19 | 125 | 11.3 |
ÁC»Ä¶uÆQ | 4.00 | 1785 | 915 | 1.96 | 134 | 11.5 |
¶À¨§¯»®Æ | 3.25 | 1719 | 760 | 2.28 | 114 | 9.4 |
¶À¨§¯»®Æ | 4.00 | 1722 | 833 | 2.08 | 120 | 9.2 |
¥§¡ | ||||||
¤£²K¥[´Ó»Äú@ | ¢w | 1738 | 741 | 2.37 | 108 | 9.7 |
²K¥[´Ó»Äú@ | ¢w | 1788 | 835 | 2.16 | 123 | 10.6 |
ÅãµÛ¤ô¥ | ||||||
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ÁCªº§t¶q | ||||||
3.25»P4.00 | NS | NS | ** | NS | NS |
µù¡G*ªí¥Ü¢Þ¡Õ0.05¡A**ªí¥Ü¢Þ¡Õ0.01¡ANSªí¥ÜµLÅãµÛ®t²§¡C
¹}®Æ¤¤²K¥[1,000³æ¦ì¡þ¤½¤ç´Ó»Äú@¡C
¨ú¦ÛKetaren et al., 1991
ªí16. ¹}®Æ(¶À¨§ ¢w ¥É¦Ì)¤¤²K¥[´Ó»Äú@¹ï½Þ°¦Àç¾i¯À®ø¤Æ²v¤§¼vÅT
Á`ÁC¶q(g¡þkg) °t¤è¼Æ¥Ø ¡@ |
4.0 5 ¤£²K¥[ |
4.0 6 ²K¥[ |
ÅãµÛ¤ô·Ç |
ÁCÄṶq(g) | 46 | 47 | NS |
ÁT«K¤¤ÁC(g) | 25 | 14 | ** |
¥i®ø¤ÆÁCÄṶq(g) | 20 | 33 | ** |
ÁC¤º»W¶q(g) | 20 | 33 | ** |
®ø¤Æ²v(g¡þg) | ¡@ | ¡@ | ¡@ |
ÁC | 0.45 | 0.69 | ** |
°®ª«½è | 0.92 | 0.91 | NS |
²Ê³J¥Õ½è | 0.92 | 0.91 | NS |
¯à¶q | 0.92 | 0.91 | * |
µù¡G*ªí¥Ü¢Þ¡Õ0.05¡A**ªí¥Ü¢Þ¡Õ0.01¡ANSªí¥ÜµLÅãµÛ®t²§¡C
¹}®Æ¤¤²K¥[1,000³æ¦ì¡þ¤½¤ç´Ó»Äú@¡C
¨ú¦ÛKetaren et al., 1991
Cromwell¤óµ¥(1991)¦b»s³Æ´Ó»Äú@®É¡Aµo²{Aspergillus nigerµßÄÝ¡A¨C¤@§J²Óµß¤¤¡A§t¦³350,000³æ¦ìªº´Ó»Äú@(´Ó»Äú@³æ¦ì©w¸q¬°¥¿±`¼Ð·Ç±¡§Î¤U¡A¨C¤@¤ÀÄÁ¥i±q´Ó»Ä¶uÆQ¤¤¤À¸Ñ¥X¤@²@¼¯¦Õ -nanomole-ªºÁC)¡A·íµM²V¦X»Ã¯À¤]§t¦³¨ä¥L»Ã¯À¯à¤O¡A¦p³J¥Õ½è¤À¸Ñú@¤ÎºÒ¤ô¤Æ¦Xª«¤À¸Ñú@µ¥¡C(«ÝÄò)
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