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¶ø¯S©_(Alltech)¡A³Ð¥ß¤Q¤¦~¨Ó¡A¯à°÷§Ö³tªº¦¨ªø¡A«Y«Ø¥ß¦b¤@ì«h¤W¡A§Y¥H¬ì¾Ç©Êªº¬ã¨s¨Ó¸Ñ¨M¥þ¥@¬É¯bªª¥Í²£©Ò±Á{ªº°ÝÃD¡A¨Ã¥H©Ò¬ã±o¤§¦¨ªG¡A¥Í²£¥X¨ã¦³¥«³õ¼ç¤Oªº²£«~¡C³oºØ±´¨s»Ýn¦³¤@ºØ¡u¥«³õ¾É¦V¡vªºõ¾Ç¨Ó¤Þ¾É¡C¶i¤@¨B¬O§Þ³N¤Hû¹ï©Òn±´°Qªº°ÝÃD°µ¤@¥þ½L©Êªº«ä¦Ò¡A«Ü¦h®ÉÔ¡A¦b¨ä¥L¬ã¨s¤HûÁÙ¥¼¯u¥¿°Ñ»P¤u§@¤§«e¡A¥LÌ´N¥²¶·¥ý´£¥X¬ã¨sp¹º¡AµM«á¤~¬O©Ò¦³°Ñ»Pªº¤u§@¤Hû¥þ¤ßªº§ë¤J¡A¥H½T«Op¹º¦b¹w©wªº®É¶¡©M¶i«×¤º§¹¦¨¡C¤Q¤¦~¨Ó¡A¶ø¯S©_¶±¥Î¤F250¦ìû¤u¡A¥Ø«e¦W¦C¥þ²y¦¨ªø³Ì§Öªº¬ü°ê¤½¥qªº²Ä89¦ì¡C·N·Q¤£¨ìªº¬O¡A³o¨Ç±Æ¦W«e¦Ê¦Wªº¤½¥q¤¤¡A¥u¦³¶ø¯S©_¬O°Ñ»P¥Íª«§Þ³N©M¯bªª¥Í²£ªº¤½¥q¡A¨ä¥L¤j³¡¤À¤½¥qªº©Ê½è¡A¤£¥Î¸mºÃªº¡A´X¥G¬O±q¨Æ¹q¸£©M¹q¤l³q°T¨Æ·~¡C¦Ó¶ø¯S©_ªº¦¨ªø¤ß¯ß¡A¸g±`¬O¦ì©ó¥Ø«eªº¨â¤j¥Íª«§Þ³N¤¤¤ß(Bioscience centers)¡A¥H¤Î1995¦~¦b¤¤°ê¤j³°¥_¨Ê¶}¹õªº¥Í§Þ¤¤¤ß¡C³o¨Ç¤¤¤ß¡A»P³\¦h©Ò¤j¾Ç¤Î¨ä¥L¤½¥q¦X§@¡A´£¨Ñ¤j¾Ç¥Í¤@Ó¥Rº¡³Ð·Nªº¾Ç²ßÀô¹Ò¡A¥t¤@¤è±¡A¾Ç¥Í«h´£¨Ñ¤©¤½¥q´XªñµLªº¤~·F¡B¦~»´®ð®§©M¦nºÃªººë¯«¡CÀHµÛ¥_¨Ê¥Í§Þ¤¤¤ßªº¶}¹õ¡A¥þ¾ªº¬ã¨s¤Hû±N¹F45¤H¡C
¶ø¯S©_ªº¨Æ·~§t¬A¬Û·í¼sªº»â°ì¡A¥]¬AÀô¹Ò°ÝÃD¡B°·±d°ÝÃD¤Î¯b²£¤è±ªº°ÝÃD¡C¦b§Ú̬ݨӡA³o¨Ç¤£¦Pªº»â°ì³£±K¤ÁªºÃö³s(ªí1)¡CÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A¦b¯bªª¤W¡A¨Ï¥Î»Ã¯À¥i¼W¥[¹}®Æªº§Q¥Î®Ä²v¡A¦Ó¥B¬O¥i´î§C°Êª«¼o±óª«¹ïÀô¹Òªº¦Ã¬V¡C¦P¼Ëªº¡A´£¤É¾N¡B»É¡BÖ´¡B»Ì©MÁCªº§Q¥Î²v¥i´î¤Ö¨ä¦ÛÁT«K±Æ¥Xªº¶q¡A§ó¹ï®a¯bªº°·±d©MÀç¾i¤Àªº§Q¥Î¤W±a¨Ó·¥¤jªº½ÄÀ»¡C§ó«nªº¬O¡A§ÚÌ¥²¶·¦³¤@ºØÆ[©À¡A§Y³o¨Ç¬ã¨s±N¤ÏÀ³¨ì®ø¶OªÌ¨¤W¡C¦p®a¯bªº¹}®Æ«~½è¡A¬O§_§t¦³¶ÀÄT¬r¯À(aflatoxin)¡B¨Fªù¤óµß(salmonella)¡B§Ü¥Í¯À(antibotic)´Ý¯d¡A½G¦×²v¥H¤Î°Êª«ªº°·±dª¬ªp¡C³o¨Ç°ÝÃD³£¦b®a¯bªº²£ª«Åܦ¨¤HÃþ¹ª«®É¤ÏÀ³¨ì¤HÃþ¨¤W¡A¦P®É®a¯b°Æ²£ª«»P°ïªÎ³£»P¤H̪º¥Í¬¡²æÂ÷¤£¤FÃö«Y¡C©Ò¥H¤£ºÞ¬O¦b¹êÅç«Ç©Î²{³õ¨Ó¬ã¨s³o¨Ç°ÝÃD¡A§Ú̳£¤£·|±N¥«³õªº¶D¨D¤Î®ø¶OªÌªº§Q¯qµ¹Ä묹±¼¡C
ªí1. ¶ø¯S©_¦b¹A·~°ÝÃD¤W©ÒÂê©wªº¥Ø¼Ð
Àô¹Ò»P¹A·~ | °Êª«°·±d | ¹}®Æ«~½è»P§Q¥Î |
°Æ²£ª«§Q¥Î | ½FG¹L»Ä | ¹}®ÆÅðµß¬r¯À |
ÁC»ÄÆQªº¦Ã¬V | »Ìªº¥NÁ | ¹}³¤¤¯S®í»Ã¯À |
Ö´ªº§Q¥Î | §K¬Ì»PÀç¾i | «OÅ@©ÊÓi°ò»Ä |
ÁT¯ä»P¤À¸Ñ | ¥Íµß¾¯¡G¬¡©Ê»Ã¥Àµß | ³J¥ÕÄqª«½è½Æ¦Xª« |
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¥@¬É¤W©Ò¦³ªº¯bªª¥Í²£³£©Î¿ù©Î¹ïªº³Q«ü¬°·|¹ïªÅ®ð©M¤ô·½ºc¦¨¦Ã¬V¡CÀç¾i®v̤£Â_ªº±µÀò·sªk³W¡A³W©wÁT«Kn¦p¦ó³B²z¡A¦p¦óÁקKÁC©Î´á¬y¤Jªe¤t¡A¦p¦ó´î¤Ö®òªºÄjº©¡A³o¨Ç³W©wª½±µ©Î¶¡±µªº¨î¤F³æ¦ì¤g¦a±¿n©Ò¯à¹}¾i¤§®a¯bÀY¼Æ¡C
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ªí2. «g®òÄ_(De-0dorase)¹ï21¤Ñ©M42¤Ñ¦×Âû¥Í²£©Ê¯à¤§¼vÅT
¡@ | 21¤Ñ | 42¤Ñ | ||
¹ï·Ó²Õ | «g®òÄ_ | ¹ï·Ó²Õ | «g®òÄ_ | |
Åé«(g) | 532a | 553a | 1640 | 1614 |
±Ä¹¶q(g) | 755b | 767a | 2873 | 2864 |
¹}®ÆÂà´«²v(FCR) | 1.53b | 1.49a | 1.80 | 1.82 |
¦º¤`²v(¢H) ¤@¯ë©Ê ¸¡¤ô |
¡@ 5.54b 0.55a |
¡@ 3.88a 0.64a |
¡@ 14.88b 6.69b |
¡@ 12.13a 5.00a |
ab¥§¡®t²§
*Arce and Avila,1994
ªí3. «g®òÄ_(De-0dorase¡AYucca SchidigeraµÑ¨úª«)¹ïªÎ¨|½ÞªÙ¤¤®ò¿@«×©M½Þ°¦¥Í²£ªí²{¤§¼vÅT
¡@ | ¹ï·Ó²Õ | «g®òÄ_ |
°_©lNH3 | 30 | 30 |
³Ì²×NH3 | 30 | 20 |
Åé«(kg) | 32 | 30.23 |
¤W¥«Åé«(kg) | 91.67 | 91.88 |
¤W¥«¤Ñ¼Æ | 73 | 73 |
¤é¼W«(g) | 820 | 850 |
¥t¥~¡Aªª¯ó¦a¤ÎÃûÄê¯ì®Æªº¯ä¨ý¤]«D±`«n¡C¦¹¥iÂǥѵ·ÄõµÑ¨úª«¨Ó¶i¦æ°£¯ä¡C±d¤Dº¸(Cornell)¤j¾Çªº±M®a¹ï¦¹µÑ¨úª«¶i¦æ¸ÕÅç¡C¥L̨C¤ÑÁý¹}¨CÀY¤û(cow)3gªº«g®òÄ_¡A¨Ã¦b¼o¤ô¦À¤¤¥[¤J«g®òÄ_¡Cµ²ªG®ò®ðªºÄÀ¥X¶q´î¤Ö¤F40-50¢H(¹Ï1)¡A¦b¶i¦æ©â¨ú¼o¤ô¦Àªº¼o¤ô¨ì¥Ð¶¡§@·~®É¡A¾Fªñªº©~¥Á¤£¦A´£¥X§Üij¡C§ó¬Æªº¬O¡A¼o¤ô¦À¤¤ªº©T§Îª«°§C¡A¸`¬Ù¤F³\¦h®É¶¡¡A¦P®É´î¤Ö©â¨ú©M¼Q°s¼o¤ôªº¯à·½¤ä¥X¡C
´Ó»ÄÁCªº§Q¥Î
ÁC»ÄÆQªº¦Ã¬V±¡§Î¥iÂǥѷsµo²{ªº»Ã¯À¦Ó´î¤Ö¡A¨º´N¬O´Ó»Äú@(phytase)©MÅÖºû¯À(cellulase)¡C¦¹¤G»Ã¯À¬¡¤Oªºµ²¦X¥i¨ÏÁT¤¤ÁC»Ä¤G¶t(dicalicum phosphate)´î¤Ö0.1¢H¡A¹ê½è¤Wªº´î¤Ö¤FÁC»ÄÆQªº®ö¶O¡CCantor et al., (1994)§Q¥Î¶ÂÄTµß(Aspergillus niger)¤§ÁC»Äú@©M´Ó»Äú@¼W¥[¹}®Æ¤¤¦³®ÄÁCªº§t¶q¡C±q×H°©¦Ç¤À(×H°©¦Ç¤À»P¹}³¤¤Ca©MPªº¶q§e³Ì¨Îªºª½½uÃö«Y)¡C¹ï¹}³¤¤¦³®ÄÁC§t¶q¤§°jÂkµ¥¦¡¡A¥i¥Hµo²{°ò¦¹}³¤¤²K¥[µ¥¶qªº´Ó»Äú@´£¤É¤F¬ù0.1¢H¦³®ÄÁC¡A²Ê²¤µ¥©ó40¢Hªº´Ó»ÄÁC¡CÅã¦Ó©ö¨£¡A´Ó»Äú@ªº²K¥[¹ï´î¤Ö®a¸V¹}®Æ¤¤ÁC»ÄÆQ¥Î¶q½T¹ê¬OÓ¦³®Äªº¤èªk¡A¦Ó¥B¥Ñ©ó¥h°£¤F¨ã§ÜÀç¾i¯S©Êªº´Ó»Ä(Phytin)¡A¤]«P¶i¤F°Êª«¹ïÓi°ò»Ä©MÄqª«½èªº§Q¥Î®Ä²v¡C
»Ì¡A¤@ӳ̾AÀç¾i¥NÁ©ҥ²»Ý¤§Àç¾i¯À¡Gªø½G¦×¡Bºò¢©M¥Í´Þ®Ä²v
¥þ¥@¬Éªº¯bªª¥Í²£¦³¤@ÓÁͶաA¨º´N¬O°§C±OÅé¯×ªÕ§t¶q¡C¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A¤j³¡¥÷°Êª«¹«~¤u·~ªÌ³£±K¤Áª`·N¤T»ù»Ì(Cr+3)ªº¬ã¨s¡A¦]¬°¦b¤@¨Ç¬ã¨s¤¤Åã¥Ü¥X¦³¼W¥[½G¦×²vªº®ÄªG¡C¨Ò¦p¡B»Ã¥À»Ì(Cr yeast)¬sÔr¥Ò»Ä»Ì(Cr picolinate)¹ï±OÅé²Õ¦¨¦³¼vÅT(Wenk et al., 1995, ªí4)¡C¤T»ù»Ì(Cr+3)³Ì¦¥ÑSchwartz and Mertz©ó1959¦~Ų©w¬°¸²µå¿}@¨ü¦]¤l(Glucose Tolerance Factor,GTF)ªº²Õ¦¨¤À¡C¦¹ª«½è¥i«ì´_¹}¤©Äqª«½è¯Ê¥F¹}³¤§¤j¹«ªº¸²µå¿}@¨ü¯à¤O¡A³o¤è±ªº¬ã¨s¥H¤Î¦b°Êª«©M¤HÃþªºµo²{¡A³£ÃÒ©ú»Ì¬OGTFªº»²§U¦]¤l(cofactor)¡A¥i«P¶i¯Ø®q¯À(Insulin)ªº§@¥Î¡A¼W¶i´`Àô¨t²Î¤ºªº¸²µå¿}³Q²¾¤J©P³ò²Õ´¤º(Anderson and Mertz¡A1977)¡C
ªí4. ²K¥[Cr¹ï±OÅé©Êª¬ªº¼vÅT
¡@ | ¹ï·Ó²Õ | »Ã¥À»Ì | Ôr¥Ò»Ä»Ì |
±OÅéµû¯Å(Quality Score) | 2.1 | 2.3 | 2.4 |
¬Û¹ï¤ñ¨Ò(¢H) | 100 | 110 | 114 |
I¯×«p«×(cm) | ¡@ | ¡@ | ¡@ |
³Ì«á¸y´Õ³B(croupe) | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.6 |
³Ì«á¦Ø°©³B(Back) | 1.8 | 2.0 | 1.9 |
¸y²´±¿n(cm2) | 49.5 | 53.8 | 48.6 |
±OÅéµû¯Å¡G2¬°¥¿±`¡F3¬°°ª½G¦×¶q
¸²µå¿}@¨ü¦]¤lªº¥¿½Tµ²ºc¦¡¨´¤µ¥¼©ú¡A¥Ø«eªººc·Q¬O¥HµÒÆP»Ä¢wCr+3¢wµÒÆP»Ä¬°¶b¤ß¡A¦A±µ¤W¾¢Ói»Ä(Glutamic acid)¡B¥ÌÓi»Ä(Glycin)¤Î¥b¯ÖÓi»Ä(Cysteine)(Mertz et al., 1974¹Ï2)¡C¬Û¦Pªº¡AGTF«P¶i¯Ø®q¯À¥\¯àªº§@¥Î¾÷¨î¥ç¥¼ª¾¡AµM¦ÓMooradian and Morley(1987)¤§¬ã¨s«ü¥XGTF¥i«P¶i¯Ø®q¯À¦b¼Ðªº²ÓM¤W»P¨ä±µ¨ü¾¹(receptor)µ²¦X(¹Ï3)¡C¬ã¨s¦Ü¤µ¡AGTF¦]¤l¦b¯bªª¹}®ÆªºÀ³¥Î¤WÅãµÛ¤Ó¶Q¤F¡A¤£¹L¤£¥Î¾á¤ß¡A·~ªÌ¤w¥Í²£¥X§t1000ppmªº¦³¾÷»Ì¤§¼Ð·Ç«~¥i¨Ñ¨Ï¥Î¡C
¹Ï2. ¸²µå¿}@¨ü¦]¤lªº«Øijºc³y¦¡
¹Ï3. GTF»Ì»P¯Ø®q¯ÀªºÃö«Y
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³Ìªñ¦³¾÷»Ìªº¬ã¨sµJÂI¦b©ó¨ä¹ï¥Í´Þ®Ä²vªº¼vÅT¡CLindemann et al, (1995)³ø§i¤¤«üºÙ²Ä¤@¦¸µo±¡¤k½Þ©ó200ppb¦³¾÷»Ìªº²K¥[(¾ãӥͪø©M¥Í²£´Á)¤U¡A´£°ª¤FºÛ¥J¼Æ(litter size)©MÂ÷¨Å¬¡¥J¼Æ(ªí5)¡C¦³¾ÇªÌ«ü¥X»Ì¹ï¥Í¨|¤Oªº¼vÅT«Y³z¹L´£°ª²Õ´¹ï¯Ø®q¯Àªº¿Ë©M¤O¡C¥À½Þªº¥Í´Þ¶g´Á¨ü¤Uµø¥C¢w¸£¤U¸¢¢w§Z±_¶b¤ºªc¯Àªº¨ë¿E¡þ§í¨î©Ò½Õ±±¡C¿E¶ÀÅé¯À(Leutenizing Hormone¡ALH)¨ü¤Uµø¥C¿E©Ê¸¢¯ÀÄÀ©ñ¯À(GnRH)¨ë¿E¦Ó¤Àªc¡A§@¥Î©ó§Z±_¦Ó¼vÅTÂ÷¨Å«áªº°Ê±¡¶g´Á(Estrous cycle)¡A¥~·½¯Ø®q¯ÀÃÒ¹ê¥i¼W¥[LHªº¤Àªc¡A¥H¼W¥[Âoªwªº§Î¦¨¨Ã±Æ§Z(ovulation)(Cox, 1995). Coxµo²{¨Ï¥Î¥~·½¯Ø®q¯À¥i§ïµ½·s¤k½Þ¤§¡u·s¤GLºÛ¥J¼Æ¼É¶^(Second litter Slump)¡vªº²{¶H¦Ó¼W¥[ºÛ¥J¼Æ¡C¦³®Ä¯Ø®q¯Àªº°§C±N¾ÉP÷¨Å¥À½Þªº¯à¶q§e²{t¥¿Å¡C»Ì¹ï«P¶i¥Í´Þ¯à¤Oªº§@¥Î¥i¯à«á¼W¥[²Õ´¹ï¯Ø®q¯Àªº¿Ë©M¤O¡A¸g¥Ñ°T®§¶Ç»¼¨ì¤Uµø¥C¡þ¸£¤U¸¢¡þ§Z±_¤º¤ºªc¶b¦Ó¹ï¥Í´Þ©Ê¯à³y¦¨¼vÅT(Lindemann et al., 1995)¡C
ªí5. ¹}³»Ì¹ï·s¤k½ÞºÛ¥J¼Æªº¼vÅT
¡@ | Trt1 | Trt2 | Trt3 | ¡@ | ¡@ | ||
¥Íªø¶¥¬qCr, ppb | 0 | 200 | 500¡þ1000 | ¡@ | P È | ||
¥Í´Þ¶¥¬qCr, ppb | 0 | 200 | 0 | SD | SD | Trt1(Á`) | Trt2(Á`) |
ºÛ¥J¼Æ(litter sige) Á`¥X¥Í¥J¼Æ ¥X¥Í¬¡¥J¼Æ 21¤Ñ¥J¼Æ ¨Å®É¥J¼Æ |
¡@ 9.58 8.93 8.15 8.10 |
¡@ 11.82 11.25 10.30 10.25 |
¡@ 10.50 10.07 9.34 9.25 |
¡@ 3.01 2.93 2.77 2.69 |
¡@ 3.01 2.93 2.77 2.69 |
¡@ 0.09 0.07 0.08 0.07 |
¡@ 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.02 |
*(§ï½s¦ÛLindemann et al., 1995)
¨ä¥L¾ÇªÌ¥çµo²{Cr+3¹ï¤º¤Àªc½Õ¸`§@¥Îªº¼vÅT¡CPage et al.(1993)ªº³ø§i¡AÁöµMµ²ªG¤£¬Æ¤@P¡A¦ý¥i¬Ý¥X»Ìªº²K¥[¹ï½Þ¥Íªø¯À¿@«×¦³¼W¥[ªºÁͶաCMowat(1994)¥H5~6mg¦³¾÷»Ì¹}¤©¤p¤k¤û(Heifer)¡Aµ²ªG¨äÅ餺IGF¿@«×¼W¥[¡Aªc¨Å¶q¤ñ¹ï·Ó²Õ¦h¥X13¢H¡A¥B¯Ø®q¯À©MIGF-1ªº±µ¨ü¾¹¤@¼Ë¦h¡A¥i¦b°ª¿@«×¤U¬Û¤¬¼vÅT¡C¥Ñ©óIGF-1¨ã¦³Ãþ¦ü¯Ø®q¯Àªº¥\¯à¡A¦b¥NÁ©M¤º¤Àªcªº½Õ¸`§@¥Î¦³«Ü½ÆÂøªºÃö«Y(White et al., 1994)¡A¦]¦¹¹ï¸²µå¿}¡BÓi°ò»Ä©M¯×ªÕªº¥NÁ³£¦³¼vÅT¡C
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