±`¥Î¾iÂû¹}®Æì®ÆªºÀç¾i¦¨¥÷»P¯S©Ê(¤U)
¥|¡Bºû¥Í¯À²K¥[¾¯
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¥»¬Ù³B¦b°ª·Å¦hÀã¦a°Ï¡A¦A¥[¤W¯e¯fºò¢¤§«Â¯Ù¡A©Ò¥H¦b²K¥[¶qÀ³¤ñ¹ê»Ú±ÀÂ˶q°u¼W10~20¢H¥ª¥k¡A¥Hµ¦¦w¥þ¡C
¦UºØºû¥Í¯Àªº¬Û¹ï¬¡©Ê¡A¦pªí6©Ò¥Ü¡C
ªí6. ¦UºØºû¥Í¯Àªº¬Û¹ï¬¡©Ê
^¤å¦WºÙ | ¤¤¤å¦WºÙ | ¤À¤l¶q | ¬Û¹ï¬¡©Ê(¢H) |
Vitamin A | ¡@ | ¡@ | ¡@ |
Vitamin A alcohol | ºû¥Í¯ÀA¾J | 285.5 | 100 |
Vitamin A acetate | ºû¥Í¯ÀA¤A»Äà | 328.5 | 87 |
Vitamin A palmitate | ºû¥Í¯ÀA´ÄÃq»Äà | 524.9 | 54 |
Vitamin E | ¡@ | ¡@ | ¡@ |
Tocopherol | ¥Í´Þ¾J | 430.7 | 100 |
Tocopheryl acetate | ¥Í´Þ¾J¤A»Äà | 472.8 | 91 |
Vitamin K | ¡@ | ¡@ | ¡@ |
Menadione | ¡@ | 172.19 | 100 |
Menadione sodium bisulfite¡D3H2O | ºû¥Í¯ÀK3 | 330.29 | 52 |
Menadione sodium bisulfite complex¡D3H2O | ¨È²¸»Ä²B¶uºû¥Í¯ÀK3 | 434.70 | 33 |
Menadione pyrimidinol bisulfite | ¡@ | 378.0 | 45.5 |
Vitamin B1 | ¡@ | ¡@ | ¡@ |
Thiamine | úSÓi | 265.4 | 100 |
Thiamine HCl | úSÓiÆQ»ÄÆQ | 337.3 | 79 |
Thiamine_NO3 | úSÓiµv»ÄÆQ | 327.4 | 81 |
Vitamin B2 | ¡@ | ¡@ | ¡@ |
Riboflavin | ®Ö¶À¯À | 376.4 | 100 |
Sodium-riboflavin-5'-phosphate | ¡@ | 478.4 | 79 |
Vitamin B6 | ¡@ | ¡@ | ¡@ |
Pyridoxine(OH) | úYÎG¾J | 169.1 | 100 |
Pyridoxine HCl | úYÎG¾JÆQ»Ä | 205.6 | 82 |
Pyridoxal | úYÎGîÇ | 167.2 | 101 |
Pyridoxamine | úYÎGÓi | 168.1 | 100 |
Nicotinic acid(Niacin) | µÒÆP»Ä | 123.1 | 100 |
Nicotinamide | µÒÆP»ÄÓi | 122.1 | 101 |
Pantothenic acid | ªx»Ä | 219.3 | 100 |
Ca-D-Pantothenate | ªx»Ä¶t | 476.5 | 46 |
Na-D-Pantothenate | ªx»Ä¶u | 241.2 | 91 |
Choline | ÁxÆP | 121.2 | 100 |
Choline chloride | ´â¤ÆÁxÆP | 139.6 | 87 |
Folic acid | ¸»Ä | 441.4 | 100 |
D-Biotin | ¥Íª«¯À | 244.3 | 100 |
Cyanocobalamin | Ùæ¹Wºû¥Í¯À | 1355.4 | 100 |
Ascorbic acid | §ÜÃa¦å»Ä | 176.1 | 100 |
Na-ascorbate | §ÜÃa¦å»Ä¶u | 198.1 | 89 |
¬Û¹ï¬¡©Ê«Y¦P«¶q©Ò¯à´£¨Ñªººû¥Í¯À¬¡©Ê | (¤O»ù) | ¡@ | ¡@ |
(¤@)ºû¥Í¯ÀA
¦´Á¬°¤F¸É¥Rºû¥Í¯ÀA©MD¡A¹}³¤¤±`»Ýn²K¥[³½¨xªo¡C¦X¦¨¤u·~µo®i¥H«á¡A«h¬°¦X¦¨ªººû¥Í¯ÀA©Ò¨ú¥N¡C¥Ø«e°Ó·~¤W±`¥ÎªÌ¬°ºû¥Í¯ÀA¤A»Äà(vitamin A acetate)©Mºû¥Í¯ÀA´ÄÃq»Äà(vitamin Apalmitate)¡A«eªÌ¬°«G¶À¦â¯»ª¬´¹Åé¡A¦Ó«áªÌ¬°¶À¦âªo©Î©Tª¬´¹Åé¡C¹}®Æ¥ÎªÌ±`¥]¥H«OÅ@°ò½è¡A¨Ï¦¨¬°©TºA¤pÁû²É¡A¨Ï¤§§ó¦w©w¥B®e©ö²V¦X¡C
ºû¥Í¯ÀAªº¤O»ù¥H°ê»Ú³æ¦ì(IU)ªí¥Ü¡A1 IUºû¥Í¯ÀA¬Û·í©ó0.3gºû¥Í¯ÀA¾J(vitamin A alcohol)ªº¬¡©Ê¡Aµ¥©ó0.344£ggºû¥Í¯ÀA¤A»Äà©Îµ¥©ó0.550£ggºû¥Í¯ÀA´ÄÃq»Äà¡C¨Ï¥Î®É¡AÀ³¬Ý¥¦ªº¤O»ù¦³¦h¤Ö¡H«¶qªº¦h¹èµL¬Æ·N¸q¡C
¦ÛµM¦s¦b©ó³\¦h´Óª«©MºØ¤l¤¤ªººû¥Í¯ÀA¥ý½è¡A¥i¦b®a¸V¤p¸z¸z¾À¤¤ÂàÅܬ°ºû¥Í¯ÀA¡A¨Ñ®a¸V§Q¥Î¡C³Ì°ª®Äªº¥ý½è¬°£]-JÅÚ½³¯À(£]-carotene)¡A¨ä¥LÃþJÅÚ½³¯À(carotenoids)¤]¦³ºû¥Í¯ÀAªº¤O»ù¡A¦ý§¡¸û£]-JÅÚ½³¯À¬°§C¡C0.6£gg£]-JÅÚ½³¯À¬Û·í©ó1 IU¤O»ù¡C
(¤G)ºû¥Í¯ÀD3
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(¤T)ºû¥Í¯ÀE
¦ÛµM¬É¦s¦bªººû¥Í¯ÀE¡A¥]¬A¤@¨t¦Cªº¥Í´Þ¾J(tocopherol)¤Æ¦Xª«¡A¨ä¤¤³Ì«nªÌ¬°£\-¥Í´Þ¾J¡C°Ó·~¤W±`¥Îªº²£«~¬°d¢w£\¢w¥Í´Þ¾J¤A»Äà(d¢w£\¢wtocopheryl acetate)©Mdl¢w£\¢w¥Í´Þ¾J¤A»Äà(dl¢w£\¢wtocopheryl acetate)¡C
ºû¥Í¯ÀEªº¥Íª«¬¡©Ê¡A¤]¥H°ê»Ú³æ¦ì(IU)ªí¥Ü¡C1 IUµ¥©ó1mg¦X¦¨ªºdl¢w£\¢w¥Í´Þ¾J¤A»Äଡ©Ê¡A¦Ó1mgªºd¢w£\¢w¥Í´Þ¾J¤A»Äà¡Bd¢w£\¢w¥Í´Þ¾J©Mdl¢w£\¢w¥Í´Þ¾Jªº¬¡©Ê¤À§O¬°1.36¡B1.49©M1.1 IU¡C
(¥|)ºû¥Í¯ÀK
¤ÑµM¦s¦bªººû¥Í¯ÀK¡A¥]¬AK1(phylloquinone)¨t¦C©MK2(menaquinone)¨t¦C¤Æ¦Xª«¡A³o¨âÃþ¤Æ¦Xª«§¡Äݯ׷»©Ê¡C¦X¦¨ªºK3(menadione)¤]¬O¯×·»©Êªº¡A¦ý¨äl¥Íª«¡A«h¥i·»©ó¤ô¡C¥Ø«e¹}®Æ¤¤±`¥Îªººû¥Í¯ÀK¡A¤j³£¬OK3ªºl¥Íª«¡A¥]¬Amenadione dimethyl pyrimidinol bisulfite(MPB)¡Bmenadione sodium bisulfite(MSB)¤Îmenadione sodium bisulfite cmplex(MSBC)¡C¥Hºû¥Í¯ÀK3(menadione)¬°°ò¦¡A«h¦P«¶qªºMSB¶È§t66¢HK3¡A¦ÓMPB©MMSBC¤À§O§t45.5©M32.8¢H¡F´Nµ¥¤À¤lpºâ¡A«hMPS¹ïMSBCªº¬Û¹ï²z½×¬¡©Ê¬°1.39¡C¦b¨Ï¥Î¤£¦P¤Æ¦Xª«®É¡A©yª`·N¨ä¤À¤l¶q¡A¦Ópºâ¹}³¤¤ªº²K¥[¶q¡C
(¤)úSÓi(Thiamin)
°Ó·~¤W±`¨Ï¥ÎªºúSÓi¬°ÆQ»ÄÆQ(thiamin HCl)©Mµv»ÄÆQ(thiamin mononitrate)¡C¨Ì¤À¤l¶q¦ôºâ¡AúSÓiÆQ»ÄÆQ©MúSÓiµv»ÄÆQªº¬Û¹ï¬¡©Ê¡A¤À§O¬°úSÓiªº79©M81¢H¡C
(¤»)®Ö¶À¯À(Riboflavin)
¹}®Æ¤¤±`¥Îªº®Ö¶À¯À¬°¯Âªº®Ö¶À¯Àµ²´¹¯»¥½¡C¥t¥~¡A®Ö¶À¯ÀÁC»ÄÆQ(sodium riboflavin¢w5'¢wphosphate)¤]¥i¥H¥Î¡A¥¦¸û©ö·»©ó¤ô¡C
(¤C)µÒÆP»Ä(Niacin)
¥»ºû¥Í¯À¥]¬AµÒÆP»Ä(nicotinic acid)©MµÒÆP»ÄÓi(nicotinamide)¨âºØ¡A¬¡©Ê¬Ûªñ¡C
(¤K)ºû¥Í¯ÀB6
ºû¥Í¯ÀB6¥Dn¥]¬AúYÎG¾J(pyridoxol)¡BúYÎGîÇ(pyridoxal)©MúYÎGÓi(pyridoxamine)¤TӤƦXª«¡C°Ó·~¤W¥ÎªÌ¡A´X¥G§¡¬°úYÎG¾JÆQ»ÄÆQ(pyridoxine hydrochloride)¡C
(¤E)ªx»Ä(Pantothenic acid)
ªx»Äªºª«²z©Ê½è¤£¨Î¡A¹}®Æ²V¦X®É¬Û·í§xÃø¡C¦]¦¹¡A°Ó·~¤W±`¥Îªx»Ä¶t(calcium pantothenate)©Îªx»Ä¶u(sodium pantothenate)¡Cªx»ÄÆQ¦³dl¢w©Î¢wd¢w§Î¦¡¡A¥u¦³d¦¡¦³ºû¥Í¯Àªº¬¡©Ê¡C
(¤Q)ÁxÆP(Choline)
¤@¯ë¥É¦Ì-¤j¨§²Ë¬°¥Dªº¹ê¥Î¹}³¡A´NÂúÂû¦Ó¨¥¡AÁxÆP§t¶q¦bÃä»Ú¶q¡F¦]¦¹¡A¤j³£ÃB¥~²K¥[´â¤ÆÁxÆP(choline chloride)¡C°Ó¥Îªº´â¤ÆÁxÆP¤Æ70¢H²GºA©Î50¢H©TºA©~¦h¡C
(¤Q¤@)¸»Ä(Folic acid)
¤j³¡¤Àªº¹ê¥Î¹}³§t¨¬°÷ªº¸»Ä¡A¦p»Ýn²K¥[¡A«h¨Ï¥Î¯Âªº¸»Ä¡C
(¤Q¤G)¥Íª«¯À(d-Biotin)
½\ª«¤¤¦s¦bªº¥Íª«¯À¡A°£¥É¦Ì¥~¡A¶È1¡þ3¥ª¥k¥i³Q°Êª«©Ò§Q¥Î¡C¦]¦¹¡A«D¥H¥É¦Ì¬°¥Dn½\ª«ªº°t¤è¡A³q±`»Ýn²K¥[¥Íª«¯À¡C°Ó¥Îªº¥Íª«¯À¬°b¢w¥Íª«¯Àªºµ²´¹¡C
(¤Q¤T)ºû¥Í¯ÀB12
®a¸Vªº¹}³¤j³£¥Ñ´Óª«©Ê¹}®Æì®Æ©Ò²Õ¦¨¡A¦¹Ãþ¹}®Æ°£µo»Ã²£«~¥~¡A§¡¤£§tºû¥Í¯ÀB12¡F¦]¦¹¡A¤@¯ë¹}³»ÝnÃB¥~²K¥[¡C°Ó·~¤W±`¨Ï¥Îªººû¥Í¯ÀB12¬°Ùæ¹Wºû¥Í¯À(cyanocobalamin)¡CÁÙ¦³¨ä¥LÃþ¦ü¤Æ¦Xª«¡A¤]¦³ºû¥Í¯ÀB12¬¡©Ê¡A¦pßm°òºû¥Í¯ÀB12(hydroxycobalamin)¡C
¤¡B¹}®Æ²K¥[ª«
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§^¤H½Õ»s®a¸V¹}³¡A³£§Æ±æ¸Ó¹}³§t¦³¾A·í¾i¤À¿@«×¤Î¦X²z»ù®æ¡A¦Ó±o¨ì³Ì¨Îªº¥Íªø¡B¥Í²£©M¹}®Æ§Q¥Î®Ä²v¡C¬°½T«O¹}³¤¤ªº¾i¤À³Q°Êª«ÄṤ§«á¡A¯à³Q®ø¤Æ¡A§K¾D¯}Ãa¡A¥i§l¦¬¥H¤Î¿é°e¤JÅé²ÓM¡A¹}³¤¤©¹©¹ÁÙ¥]¬A¬Y¨Ç¹}®Æ²K¥[ª«¡C±`¥Î©ó®a¸V¹}®Æªº¹}®Æ²K¥[ª«¡A¨Ì¨ä¥\¥Î¡A¥i·§¬A¬°¡G(1)«P¶i¥Íªø»P§ï¶i¹}®Æ§Q¥Î®Ä²v¤§²K¥[ª«¡F(2)ºûÅ@¹}®Æ«~½è¤§ª«½è¡F(3)¯e¯f¹w¨¾¾¯¡F(4)§ïµ½¯b²£«~«~½èªº²K¥[ª«¡A¦p»®Æ¤ÎµÛ¦â¾¯(¼W¦â¾¯)µ¥¥|¤jÃþ¡C¦UºØ¹}®Æ²K¥[ª«ªº¨Ï¥Î¤èªk¡A¥i°Ñ¦Ò¸gÀÙ³¡q©wªº¹}®Æ²K¥[ª«¨Ï¥Î³W½d¡C
(¤@)«P¶i¥Íªø»P§ï¶i¹}®Æ§Q¥Î®Ä²v¤§²K¥[ª«
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§Ü¥Í¯À¬°¬Y¨Ç´Óª«©Î·L¥Íª«¡A³q±`¬°¯uµß´Óª«(fungus)©Ò²£¥Íªº¤@¸s¤Æ¦Xª«¡A¥¦¨ã¦³§í¨î²ÓµßÁc´Þ©Î±þ¦º²Óµßªº©Ê½è¡C¦³¨Ç§Ü¥Í¯À¹ï²Äõ¶§©Ê²Óµß(Gram positive bacteria)¦³®Ä¡F¦Ó¦³¨ÇºÙ¬°¼s®Ä©Ê§Ü¥Í¯ÀªÌ¡A¹ï²Äõ¶§©Ê»P³±©Ê(Gram negative bacteria)§¡¦³®Ä¡C
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§Ü¥Í¯À«P¶i®a¸V¥Íªøªº®ÄªG¡A¦ü»P°§CÀô¹ÒÅܲ§ªº´T«×¦³Ãö¡A¦¹Àô¹Ò¤@¯ë»{¬°¡uÀô¹Ò¯e¯fµ{«×¡v(environmental disease level)¡C³o¯e¯fµ{«×¥i¯à§e³\¦h¤£¦P§Î¦¡»PÄY«µ{«×¦s¦b¡A¥¦¥i¯à¶È©óG¸z¹D¡F¤]¥i¯à¬O°Ï°ìªº©Î´¶¹Mªº¨t²Î·P¬V¡F©Î³o¨Çªººî¦X²Õ¦X¡C
«ÜÅãµM¦a¡AµL³æ¤@§@¥Î¼Ò¦¡¥i¸ÑÄÀ¡A¦b¼sªxªºÀô¹Ò¤U¡A§Ü¥Í¯À«P¶i¥Íªøªº®ÄªG¡C¬ã¨s«ü¥X¡A¥i¥H²£¥Í¦³§Qµ²ªGªº§Ü¥Í¯Àªº¶q©MºØÃþ¡AºÝµø¯e¯fµ{«×ªººØÃþ©MÄY«©Ê¡C¦]¦¹¡A§Ü¥Í¯Àªº§@¥Î¼Ò¦¡Åܲ§·¥¤j¡A§Ü¥Í¯À¥i¯à²£¥Í¤@өΧó¦hªº¤Uz®ÄÀ³¡G(1)§Ü¥Í¯À¥i¯à¦³§Q©ó¦X¦¨¾i¤Àªº·L¥Íª«ªº¥Íªø¡A¦Ó§í¨î¯}Ãa¾i¤Àªº·L¥Íª«ªºÁc´Þ¡C³\¦h¨Ï¥Îµy¬°¯Ê¤@ºØºû¥Í¯À©Î¤@ºØÓi°ò»Ä¹}³ªº¬ã¨s«ü¥X¡A§Ü¥Í¯Àªº§@¥Î¦b¤ÀÅu¤í¯Êªº¾i¤Àªº»Ýn¶q¡F¦p¦¹¡A§Ü¥Í¯ÀÅãµM¦b´î§C¯}Ãa¡A¦b¼W¥[¦X¦¨¡A©Î¦b§ï¶i¾i¤Àªº§Q¥Î®Ä²v¤W¡A¦³§ïµ½ªº®ÄªG¡CµM¦Ó¡A·í¹}³§t¾A¶qªº¤wª¾¾i¤À®É¡A´NÃø¸ÑÄÀ§Ü¥Í¯Àªº§ï¶i¥Íªøªº§@¥Î¤F¡C(2)§Ü¥Í¯À¥i¯à§í¨î¸z¹D¤¤²£¥Í¹L¶q®ò©M¨ä¥L¦³¬r´á¤Æª«ªº·L¥Íª«ªº¥Íªø¡C¬ã¨sÅã¥Ü¡A§Ü¥Í¯ÀÅãµÛ¦a°§C¦Ñ¹«¸z¹D¤¤¡AC14¢w§¿¯Àªº¤ô¸Ñ¤Î´î¤Ö¸z¤¤·L¥Íª«§¿¯Àú@(urease)ªº²£¶q¡C´åÂ÷®ò©M¨ä¥L´á¤Æª«¡A¦p¤T¥ÒÓi(trimethylamine)¥i¯à¨¬¥H²£¥Í¬r©Ê¦Ó°§C°Êª«ªº¥Íªø¡C(3)§Ü¥Í¯À¥i¥H¼W¶i¬Y¨Ç¾i¤Àªº§Q¥Î®Ä²v©Î§l¦¬¡C¹}³¤¤²K¥[§Ü¥Í¯À¡A¥i¼W¶i¬Y¨Ç¾i¤Àªº§l¦¬(¦p¶t¡BÁC©MÁâ)¡CÁý¹}§Ü¥Í¯Àªº°Êª«¡A³q±`¸z¾À¸û¥¼Áý¹}§Ü¥Í¯ÀªÌÁ¡¡C(4)§Ü¥Í¯À¥i¯à¼W¶i¹}®Æ©Î¤ôªº®ø¯Ó¶q©Î¨âªÌݨã¡C«ÜÃøªÖ©w§Ü¥Í¯À©Ò¤Þ°_ªº¹}®Æ®ø¶O¶qªº¼W¥[¡A¬O¥Dn®ÄÀ³¡A©Î³\¥Ñ©ó°·±d¸û¨Î©Ò¤Þ°_ªº¡F¦Ó¶¼¤ô¶qªº¼W¥[¡A«Ü¥i¯à¬O¦¸¯Å®ÄÀ³¡C³\¦h¬ã¨s§¡Åã¥Ü¡AÂûªº¹}®ÆÄá¨ú¶q»P¶¼¤ô¶q¦³¬Û·í«í©wªºÃö«Y¡A¦]¬°§Ü¥Í¯À¦b§ïÅܤp¸z·L¥Íª«¸s¤è±¡A»á¬°¦³®Ä¡A¥i¯à·|¥Ñ©ó¼vÅT¤ô§l¦¬»P¸z¹Dº¢¯d(¦p¨¾¤î¤Uµg)¡A¦Ó¼vÅT¤ô®ø¶O¶q¡CÁý¹}§Ü¥Í¯ÀÂû°¦ªºª¼¸z±`¸û¤£Áý¹}§Ü¥Í¯ÀªÌ¤j¡A¦Ó¥Rº¡¦h¶qªºÀã±Æªnª«¡C(5)§Ü¥Í¯À¦³¨¾¤î©Îªv¡µo¥Í©ó¸z¹D©Î´`Àô¨t²Î¤¤ªº¯e¯fªº®ÄªG¡CÁý¹}§C¶qªº§Ü¥Í¯À¡A¦p¬\¯óµß¯À¡B«CÅð¯À©M¥|Àô¯À¡B©Î¨ä²Õ¦X¡A³q±`¥i¥H±±¨î¸z¹D¤¤¸g·Lªº¯f¯g¡C¬Y¨Ç¸z¹D¯e¯f¡A¦p¼ìºÅ©Ê¸zª¢(ulcerative enteritis)¡A«h¥i¯à»Ýn°ª¾¯¶q§Ü¥Í¯À¤~¯à±±¨î¡A¹ï©ó¦¹ºØ¯e¯f¡A¤£§l¦¬§Ü¥Í¯À¡A¦p¬\¯óµß¯À©M¥i§l¦¬ªº§Ü¥Í¯À¡A¦P¼Ë¦³®Ä¡C¤@¥¹¯fìµß«I¤J¦å²G¡A«h»Ýn°ª¾¯¶qªº¥i§l¦¬§Ü¥Í¯À¤è¤~¦³®Ä¡F¦]¦¹¡A¬°´£°ª¦å¤¤§Ü¥Í¯À¶q¡A¬I¥Î§Ü¥Í¯À®É¡A¶·³s¦P¥[±j¾¯(potentiator)¨Ï¥Î©Î¦b§C¶t¹}³¤U¨Ï¥Î¡C°ª¶q§Ü¥Í¯À¤]¥i©ó¶¼¤ô¤¤ÃB¥~²K¥[©Î¸gª`®g¦ÓÀò±o¡C¬Y¨Ç¬ã¨sªÌ»{¬°¡A§Ü¥Í¯À§@¥Îªº¥Dn¦a¤è¬O¦b¦å²G»P¤º³¡²Õ´¡A¦ý«Ü©úÅ㪺¡A§Ü¥Í¯Àªº¯q³B«Y§@¥Î©ó¸z¹D·L¥Íª«¡A¦]¬°¤£§l¦¬ªº§Ü¥Í¯À¡A¤]¦³«P¶i¥Íªøªº®ÄªG¡C
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¦b§t¦³§Ü¥Í¯Àªº¹ê¥Î¹}³¤¤¡A¦A¨Ï¥Î¯~¾¯¡A¥i§ï¶i¥Íªø©MÂû°¦¤W¥««~½è¡A¦ý¹ï¹}®Æ§Q¥Î®Ä²v©M¥Ö½§¦â¯Àªº§ï¶i¡A®ÄªG·¥·L¡A¦Ó¹ï³n¸}¡B¦º¤`²v©Î¦Ð¤òµo¨|§¡µL¼vÅT¡C¬¥§J¨F¥Íªº¨Ï¥Î¶q¦b0.005¢H®É°¸º¸·|¦³¤£Ã¨B¥ïªº¯gª¬µo¥Í¡C
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¯~¾¯¥Î¶q¦h®É¡A®e©ö³y¦¨²Õ´´Ý¯d¡A¨Ï¥Î®É©y«ö³W©w¿ì²z¡C¬ü°êÁp¨¹¹ª«ÃÄ«~ºÞ²z§½³W©wªº¹ª«§t¯~¤W¬°2.65£gg¡þg¡C·í¨Ï¥Î±ÀÂ˶qªº¯~¾¯®É¡A¨ä¦b¨x¤¤©M³J¤¤ªº´Ý¯d¶q¡A§¡§C©ó¦¹¶q¡C¯~¾¯¨Ï¥Î¹L¶q¡A¦b¬Y¨Ç±¡ªp¤U¡A¨ã¦³¬r©Ê¡C¸ÕÅçµo²{¡A¹}®Æ¤¤§t1,000mg¡þkgÓif¨È¯~»Ä§Yµy·|§í¨î¥Íªø¡A¦Ó1,500mg¡þkg®É¡AÂûªº¤¤¬r¯gª¬Ãþ¦üúSÓi¯Ê¥F¯g¡A¦b2,000mg¡þkg©Î¥H¤W¡A«hµo¥Í°ª¦º¤`²v¡C¥t¥~¡A¦³³ø§i«ü¥X¡AÓi[¨È¯~»Ä©µªøÂúÂûªº¾®¦å®É¶¡¡A¦¹¥i¦]²K¥[`½¶©Îºû¥Í¯ÀK¦Ó«ì´_¥¿±`¡CºØ¤õÂûÁý¹}§t0.1¢HÓif¨È¯~»Ä¹}³¤T¶g¡A²£³J²v»P¹å¤Æ²v§¡¨£ÅãµÛ¦a°§C¡A¦ý¹ï¨üºë²vµL¼vÅT¡CÓif¨È¯~»Ä¶q«ì´_¨ì0.01¢H«á¨â¶g¡A²£³J²v¡B¹å¤Æ²v§¡«ì´_¥¿±`¡C
3. »Ã¯À
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4. ¤ºªc¯À
¥Òª¬¸¢¬¡©Êªº©MÃþ°Ê±¡¯Àªºª«½è¡A§¡´¿¥Î©ó®a¸V¡C¸K¤Æ¹T³J¥Õ(iodi¢wnated casein)§Y¨ä¤¤¤§¤@¡C¸K¤Æ¹T³J¥Õ¯à´£°ª°Êª«ªº¥NÁ²v¡A¨ä§@¥ÎÃþ¦ü¥Òª¬¸¢¯À¡C¦]¬°¸Ó¤ºªc¯À»P´£°ª©Ò¦³²ÓMªº¥NÁ²v¦³Ãö¡A¦]¦¹¦b¯S®í±¡ªp¤U¡A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¦³¥Òª¬¸¢¯À¬¡©Êªºª«½è¡AÄ´¦p¡A±ý¨Ï¼W§Ö¦Ð¤ò¥Íªø³t«×¡A©Î°§C±OÅé¯×ªÕ¶q®É¡A¸K¤Æ¹T³J¥Õ¦³¨Ï¥Î»ùÈ¡C¦ýÂûÄṧt¾A·í¶qªº¸K©M¨ä¥L¾i¤Àªº¹}®Æ¡A¦b¥¿±`±¡ªp¤U¡A¤£·|¯Ê¥Òª¬¸¢¯À¡C¦X¦¨°Ê±¡¯À(diethylstilbestrol)´¿¤@«×³Q¥Î¨ÓºØ´Ó©ó¦×Âûªº¥Ö¤U¡A¥H´£°ªªÎ¨|³t«×©M¯×ªÕ¶J¿n¶q¡A¦ý²{¤w³Q¸T¤î¨Ï¥Î¡C
5. Âí©w¾¯
Âí©w¾¯´¿¥Î©óµ£¤lÂû¡A¥H§ï¶i¥Íªø¡B¹}®Æ§Q¥Î®Ä²v¥H¤Î´î¤Ö±OÅé·l¶Ë¡Cªü´µ¤ÇªL(aspirin)©Mreserpineµ¥¤@¨ÇÂí©wÃĹï¥Íªø©M²£³J¡A¦³®É·|±o¨Ç·L¯q³B¡A¦ý¦b¦óºØ±¡ªp¤U·|¦³¯q¡A«h¥¼¯à½T©w¡C
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1. §Ü¥Í¯À
¼s®Ä±¥i§l¦¬ªº§Ü¥Í¯À¤Î¨ä¥L§Ü¥Í¯À¡A±`³Q²K¥[©ó¹}³¤¤¡A¥H¨¾¤î¯e¯fªºµo¥Í¡C±`¥Î§Ü¥Í¯Àªº¨Ï¥Î¹ï¶H¤Î¥Î¶q¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Ò¸gÀÙ³¡¦L¦æªº¹}®Æ²K¥[ª«¨Ï¥Î³W½d¤â¥U¡C
2. §í¨î²yÂÎÃľ¯(Coccidiostats)
µ£¤lÂû»P·s¥ÀÂûªº¹}³¤¤¡A±`²K¥[§í¨î²yÂÎÃľ¯¡A¥H¨¾¤î²yÂίfªº¬°®`¡C¦UºØ²yÂξ¯ªº¨Ï¥Îªk¡A¤]½Ð°Ñ°u¸gÀÙ³¡¦L¦æªº¹}®Æ²K¥[ª«¨Ï¥Î³W½d¤â¥U¡C
3. ÅXÂξ¯(Worming drugs)
ÅXÂξ¯¤]±`¬I¥Î©óÂû¹}®Æ¡A¥HÅX°£¸z¤º±H¥ÍÂΡC³o¨ÇÃľ¯ªº¨Ï¥Î¡AÀ³ÄY¦u±ÀÂ˨ϥζq¡A§_«h·|¾ÉPÀç¾iÂZ¶Ã¡A¦pÁDÓi«¶ªL(sulfaquinoxaline)¦bªvÀø¶q®É¡A·|¨Ïºû¥Í¯ÀKªº»Ýn¶q¼W¥[¤Q¿¡C
4. §ÜÅð¾¯(Antifungals)
§ÜÅ𾯥Ω󨾤î¹}®Æ©ÎÂû®ø¤Æ¹D¤¤¦³®`ÅðµßªºÁcl¡C¼vÅTÂû©M¨ä¥L°Êª«ªºÅðµßªº½¯©µ§Î¦¡¦³¥|¡G1. ¹}®Æ¦b¦¬Ã¬«e§Y·P¬VÅðµß¡F2. ¹}®Æì®Æ©ó¦¬Ã¬¶JÂùLµ{¤¤¡A·P¬VÅðµß¡F3. Åðµß·P¬V©ó¶JÂÃÜ©M¹}¾i³]¬I¥H¤Î4. Âûªº¸z¹D©Î©I§l¹D·P¬VÅðµß¡C
°Êª«¹}®Æ¤¤´FªøªºÅðµß¡A¥i¯à¥Ñ¤T¤è±²£¥Í¦³®`¼vÅT¡G1. ²£¥Í¬r¯À¥NÁª«¡F2. §ïÅܹ}®Æ¦¨¤Àªº¾i¤À²Õ¦¨¤Î3. §ïÅܰʪ«¹ï¾i¤Àªº§Q¥Î¡C·P¬V°Êª«¸z¹DªÌ¡A¦p¥Õ¦â©À¯]µß(Candida albicans)¡A§Y¥i¯à¤ÞµoÅðµß¯g(mycosis)¡C·|·P¬V¹A§@ª«ªºÅðµß¡A¦³³\¦hºØ¡A¥¦Ì©Ò²£¥Íªº¬r¯À¦pªí7©Ò¥Ü¡C³o¨ÇÅðµß¤¤¡A»P¹}®ÆÃö«Y³Ì±K¤Áªº¡A¤]¬O³Ì¦MÀIªº¬O¶ÀÄTÅðµß(Aspergillus flavus)¡C½\ª«§t¤ô¶q¼vÅTÅðµßªºÁcl¡A¶JÂý\Ãþ§t¤ô¶q¶W¹L13¢H¡A«h®e©öªøÅð©M¹L«×µo¼ö¡C¹}®Æ¶JÂüѦp§t¦³µ²¶ô¹}®Æ©Îµo¾`¹}®Æ¡A«h²V¦X¹}®Æ¤]±N¦Ã¬V¨ìÅðµß©Î¨ä¬r¯À¡C
ªí7. ½\ª«¤¤±`¨£¤§Åðµß¬r¯À
¬r¯ÀMycotoxin | ÅðµßFungi |
Aflatoxin | Aspergillus flavus |
B1¡AB2¡AC1 & C2 | Aspergillus parasicicus |
Ochratoxin A¡AB | Aspergillus ochraceus |
T-2 toxin | Fusarium tricinctum |
Rubratoxin A¡AB | Penicellum rubrum |
Citrinin | Penicellum citrinum |
Kojic acid | Numerous species of molds |
¨Ó·½¡GScott, M. L., M. C. Nesheim and R. J. Young, 1976. Nutrition of the Chicken p.391. M. L. Scott & Assoc., Ithaca, N.Y. |
ÂúÂû¹ï¦UºØ¬r¯Àªº±Ó·P«×¤£¦P¡C¸ÕÅçÅã¥Ü¡Aochratoxin A¡Baflatoxin B11¤ÎT-2¬r¯À¦b¨â¶g¤º§í¨î25¢H¥Íªøªº¹}³¶q¤À§O¬°3.1¡B6.1©M9.9ppm¡C¦UºØ¸VÃþ¹ï¶ÀÄT¬r¯À(aflatoxin)ªº·P¨ü«×¥ç¦U®í¡C¥ÍªøÂû¹ï¸Ó¬r¯Àªº±Ó·P«×¸û¥®Âû¡B¥®ÃZ©M¹nÂû¬°§C¡A¦ÓÂú¤õÂû³Ì¬°±Ó·P¡C³JÂû¦pÄṧt2ppm¶ÀÄT¬r¯Àªº¹}®Æ¡A«h²£³J²v¤U°¡A³JÅܤp¡C¦³¨ÇÅðµß·|§«Ãª®a¸V¹ï¾i¤Àªº§Q¥Î¡A¯×·»©Ê¾i¤À©M¯×½è¥NÁ¦ü¨üÅðµß©MÅðµß¬r¯Àªº¼vÅT¡A¹}³¤¤§t¶ÀÄT¬r¯À·|§í¨î¨x¤§¶JÂúû¥Í¯ÀA¡A¨Ã´£°ªºû¥Í¯ÀD3ªº»Ýn¶q¡CÂúÂûÁý¹}ochratoxin A©Î¶ÀÄT¬r¯À·|©µªø¾®¦å®É¶¡(prothrombin time)¡A¶ÀÄT¬r¯À¥i¯à·|´£°ªµ£¤lÂûªº·L¦åºÞ¯Ü©Ê©M§á¶Ëªº·P¨ü©Ê¡C
®a¸V¹}®Æ¤¤¡A¦]Åðµß©MÅðµß¬r¯À©Ò¤Þ°_ªº°ÝÃD»á¬°½ÆÂø¡A®a¸V¹ï¨ä¤ÏÀ³¡Aµø·P¬Vµ{«×¦Ó©w¡A¦ÛºC©Êªº¥Íªø¤£¨}¦Ü«æ©Ê¤¤¬r¡A°§C¥Íªø©Î²£³J²v¡A³q±`·|´£°ª¹}®Æªº®ø¶O¶q¡A³oªí¥Ü¯à¶q§Q¥Î²v°§C¡A¦¹²{¶H¥i¯à¥Ñ©ó¥É¦Ì§t¯à¶q°§C©M¯×ªÕ§l¦¬©Î¥NÁ¨ü·l¤§¬G¡C¤@¥¹¹}®Æ¦¨¤À·P¬VÅðµß¡A«hµLªk²K¥[¥ô¦óªF¦è¡A¥H¨¾¤î¨ä¬r¯À¹ïÂûªº¤£¨}¼vÅT¡CÁa¨Ï¯à²£¥Í¬r¯ÀªºÅðµß·~¤w¦º¤`¡A¸Ó¬r¯À¹ï¹}®Æ¦¨¤À¤¤Àç¾i¤Àªº¯}Ãa¡A¤wµLªk§ïÅÜ¡C¹}®Æì®Æ»P²V¦X¹}®Æ¤¤Åðµßªº¥Íªø¡A«h¥i¥Ñ¥H¤U¤èªk¨Ó¨¾¤î¡G1. ¨Ï¹}®Æ°®¦ÜÁ{¬É¤ô¤À¥H¤U¡A¥H§í¨îÅðµß¥Íªø(¬ù12¢H¤ô¤À)¡F2. ¥[§ÜÅ𾯡A¦p¤þ»Ä¡B¤þ»Ä¶t¡B¤þ»Ä¶u©M§ÜÅð§Ü¥Í¯À¡A¦p¹ç¯b©w(nystatin)µ¥¡C
(¤T)ºûÅ@¹}®Æ«~½èªº²K¥[ª«
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1. §Ü®ñ¤Æ¾¯(Antioxidants)
¹}®Æ¤¤¤£¹¡©M¯×ªÕ»Ä®ñ¤Æ©Î»Ä±Ñ«á¡A·|¾ÉPºû«¬¯ÀA¡BD©MEªº·l¥¢¡A¦P®É»Ä±Ñªº¤À¸Ñ²£ª«¥i¯à©MÂ÷Ói»Äªº£`¢wÓi®Ú§@¥Î¡A¦Ó°§C¹}®Æªº¥Íª«»ù©M¯à¶qÈ¡C³o¨Ç¼vÅT¥i¦b¹}³¤¤²K¥[§Ü®ñ¤Æ¾¯¦Ó¨¾¤î¤§¡C±`¥Îªº§Ü®ñ¤Æ¾¯¦³¦ç¯Áª÷(ethoxyquin¡A6¢wethoxy¢w1¡A2¢wdihydro¢w2¡A2¡A4¢wtrimethylquinoline)©M¤Bßm¥Òf(BHT¡Abutylated hydroxytoluene)©M¤Bßm¥Ò(BHA¡Abutylated hydroxya¢wnisole)µ¥¡C
2. »®Æ(Flavoring agents)
Âû°¦¨ã¦³¨ýı¡A¦ý¶åı«Ü®t¡C¦´Á¬ã¨sµo²{¡A±N½©¿}²G©M¿}ºë(saccharine)²G¦P®É¸m©óÂûªÙ¤º¡A¥ôÂû¶¼¥Î¡AÂû·|¿ï¾Ü½©¿}²G¦Ó©Úµ´¿}ºë²G¡C¦³³\¦h¬ã¨sÀ|¸ÕµÛ¥h´ú©wÂû¬O§_·|°ò©ó¨ýı¡A¦Ó¿ï¾Ü¬Y¨Ç¹}®Æ©Î²V¦X¹}®Æ¡Cªº½T¡A¦³¨Ç¤Æ¾ÇÃľ¯©Î¹}®Æ¦¨¤À·|°§CÂûªºÄṶq¡AµM¦Ó¨´¤µ©|µL»®Æ¥i´£°ª¹}®Æ®ø¶O¶q¡A¨Ï¤§¶W¹L§¡¿Åªº¡B«~½èÀu¨}ªº¥É¦Ì¤@¤j¨§²Ë¹ê¥Î¹}³¡C¤@¨Ç¤ÑµM¹}®Æ¹ïÂû¦Ó¨¥¡A¾A¤f©Ê¸û®t¡A¦p»P¥É¦Ì§@¤ñ¸û¡AÂû¦³¾¨¶qÁקKÄṧt°ª¶q¤j³Á¡B¶Â³Á(rye)©ÎëL³Á(buck wheat)ªºÁͶաA¦ý°·±dªºÂû¡A¦p¨Ï¨äµL¿ï¾Ü¾l¦a¡A³\¦h³Ìªì¤£¤j³ßÅwªº¹}®Æ¡A¤]·|ºCºC´£°ªÄṶq¡A³Ì«á±`·|»P¾A¤f©Ê¦nªº¡A±o¨ì¦P¼Ëµ²ªG¡C
3. ÂHµÛ¾¯(Binding agents)
®e¿n¤j¡B±K«×§Cªº¯»ª¬¹}®Æ©¹©¹®ÄªG¤£¨Î¡A¦]Âû¤£¯à®ø¶O¨¬°÷¹}®Æ¡A¨Ïº¡¨¬Âû¹ï¯à¶qªº»Ýn¡C³oºØ¹}®Æ¦p°µ¦¨²Éª¬¹}®Æ¡A«h±K«×¥i¥H´£°ª¡A¥unÂû¯à®ø¤Æ¨¬¶qªº²Éª¬¹}®Æ¡A¦Óº¡¨¬¯à¶q¤Î¨ä¥L¾i¤Àªº»Ýn¡A§Y¥iÅãµÛ¦a§ï¶i¥Íªø©M²£³J²v¡C¦³´XºØ¹}®Æ²K¥[ª«¡A¥i¥Î¥H´£°ª²Éª¬¹}®Æªº°í¹ê«×¡A¨ä±`¥ÎªÌ¦³¡G1. ¿±¤g(bentonites)¡G2. ¤ì¼Õ¤u·~ªº²GºA©Î©TºA°Æ²£«~¡A¥Dn¥Ñ¥bÅÖºû¯À©Î¥bÅÖºû¯À»P¤ì½è¯À¤§²Õ¦X©Ò²Õ¦¨ªº¡F¥H¤Î3. ½¦¨§¯»(guarmeal)¡A²£©ó¨È¬w¡A¤]¦³§ï¶i²Éª¬®Æ°í¹ê«×ªº®ÄªG¡C¿±¤gµLÀç¾i»ùÈ¡A³q±`¥Î¶q¤£©y¶W¹L¹}³ªº2.5¢H¡A¦b¦¹¶q¤U¡AµL¤£¨}¼vÅT¡C¥bÅÖºû¯À»s«~¥Î¶q¦Ü2.5¢H®É¡A¥i¥H°µ¬°Àu¨}ªº¯à·½¡A¦]¬°¥bÅÖºû¯À¤ô¸Ñ©Ò²£¥Íªº¤ºÒ¿}¡A¥i¥H³QÂû©Ò§Q¥Î¡AÂû¹ï¤ºÒ¿}ªº§Q¥Î¥i¹F¹}³ªº5¢H¡C¥i¬O¡A¤ì½è¯À«hµLÀç¾i»ùÈ¡C½¦¨§¯»©|¥i°µ¬°³J¥Õ½è©M¯à¶q¨Ó·½¡A¸g¾A·í¥[¤uªº½¦¨§¯»¡A¥Î¶q¥i¹F2.5~5.0¢H¡C
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¦¦~¹A®a°Æ·~¾iÂû¡A¤j³£ÄÝ©ñªª«¬¡AÂû¥i¥H±qºñ¦â¯ó±o¨ì¦â¯À¡Cµ£¤lÂûªº¥Ö½§¡B¸}©M³ñ§¡¬°«G¾ï¶À¦â¡FÂû³Jªº³J¶À¤]¬°¾ï¬õ¦â¡C²{¥N¾iÂûÁͦV¥ø·~¤Æ¡A¤j³£¶°¬ù¹}¾i©óªÙ¤º¡AµL©ñªªªº±¡§Î¡F¦]¦¹¡A¬°¨Ïµ£¤lÂûªº¥Ö½§©M³JÂûªº³J¶Àªï¦X®ø¶OªÌªº¶Ý¦n¡A¥²»Ý©ó§¹¥þ¹}³¤¤²K¥[§t¦³Â×´I¦â¯Àªº¹}®Æ¡C¤@¯ë®ø¶OªÌ¡A¥i¯à³ßÅwÃC¦â¸û²`ªÌ¡A¤×¨ä¬O³J¶À¡A¦³¨Ç¤H»{¬°ÃC¦â¸û²`ªÌ¡AÀç¾i»ùÈ°ª¡A¤×¨ä¬OÀn³Jªº¶Ý¦n¡A¤@¯ë¥Á²³³ßÅw¡u¬õ¤¯³J¡vªºÄгJ¡A¨ä¹ê¤£¤@©w¦p¦¹¡C
1. ¸¶À¾JÃþªº¨Ó·½
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6,000~10,000 4,000 920 670 660 490 400~550 330 168~260 185~350 185~350 185 90~180 55 65 20~25 |
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